Exam II Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
MVS Sign? | dyspnea on exertion |
MVS secondary to? | Rheymatic fever |
MVS common dysrhythmia | Afib |
MVR Sign | cool extremities, pulmonary edema, S3 (lubb, dubb, whoosh) |
MVP Sign | Click murmur, chest pain without relief with nitroglycerin |
AVS Sign | SAD - Syncope, Angina, Dyspnea |
AVS Treatment note | NO NITRO! Chest pain worsens |
AVR Sign | Water hammer pulse, L HF Sympotms |
What does stenosis mean? | narrowing... not opening |
what does regurgitation mean? | no closing |
failure to capture | heart didn't hear pacemaker |
failure to sense | pacemaker didn't hear heart |
asytole | absence of hear rate |
diastole | atria open aortic and pulmonary valves are closed ventricles are filling dubb 120 |
systole | ventricles open aortic and pulmonary valves are open atria are filling lubb 80 |
EKG lead placement | white is right grass under clouds smoke above fire fire under smoke brown in middle, far from fire (right, 4th intercostal space) |
tachycardia med | adenosine - push hard and fast, flush immediately |
bradycardia med | atropine |
PAC on EKG | abnormal P wave short PR interval irregular rhythm |
PAC leads to | SVT |
PSVT on EKG | HR 100-300 hidden P wave regular rhythm |
Atrial flutter on EKG | Regular rhythm Atria >200 bpm Sawtooth P wave |
Afib on EKG | Disorganized rhythm atria >350 bpm |
AFib with RVR | Disorganized rhythm P >350 QRS >100 |
Afib without RVR | Disorganized rhythm P >350 QRS 60-100 |
AV block - 1st degree | Prolonged PR PR interval > 0.20 |
AV block - 2nd degree (in general) | More P's than QRS's |
AV Block - 2nd degree Type I | Progressively longer PR intervals Then dropped QRS |
AV Block - 2nd degree Type II | P:QRS = 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 regular pattern QRS > 0.12 |
AV Block - 3rd degree | independent... no communication |
PVC on EKG | No P waves QRS wide and bizarre T large |
PVC sign | Apical/radial pulse deficit |
Vtach on EKG | 3+ PVCs in a row QRS rate is 150-250 QRS is > 0.12 (wide) |
Vfib on EKG | extremely irregular |
Antidysrhythmia Classes | 1 - sodium blocker 2 - beta blocker 3 - potassium blocker 4 - calcium blocker |
sodium blockers used for | VT, SVT, PVC, prevent Vfib (the ventriculars) |
Examples of sodium blockers | lidocaine, procainamide |
beta blockers used for | SVT, Afib, Aflutter |
what do beta blockers do? | lower HR vasodilation lower contractilit |
examples of beta blockers | atenolol, the -olols |
what do potassium blockers do? | delay repolarization (increases PR and QT, widens QRS) |
examples of potassium blockers | amiodarone, sotalol |
what do calcium blockers do? | lower HR vasodilation decrease contractility |
Calcum blockers used for? | SVT, Afib, Aflutter |
Example of calcum blocker | amlodipine |
What does digoxin do? | decrease HR increase contratility |
What does adenosine do? | decrease conduction through AV node decrease HR |
what does atropine do? | anticholinergic increase HR |
What does magnesium do? | decrease conduction through AV node |
what does hydralazine do? | vasodilation |
what does nitro do? | vasodilation |
Small box on EKG | 0.04 seconds |
Large box on EKG | 0.20 seconds |
5 large boxes on EKG | 1 second |
30 large boxes on EKG | 6 seconds (1/10th of a minute) |
normal P wave | 0.06 - 0.12 seconds |
normal PR interval | 0.12 - 0.20 seconds |
normal QRS | 0.04 - 0.12 seconds |
normal T wave | 0.16 seconds |
T wave inversion | ischemia |
ST depression | ischemia |
ST elevation | injury |
ST elevation + pathological Q | infarction |
when do you defibrillate? | Vfib Vtach |
when do you use cardioversion? | afib aflutter PSVT sinus tachycardia |
When do you use asynchronous pacemaker? | AV block Afib w/ RVR BBB Vtach |
Defib joules rate for biphasic? | 120-200 |
Defib joules rate for monophasic? | 360 |
ICD candidates | syncope with Vtach/Vfib survived SCD spontaneous sustained Vtach life-threatening dysrhythmias |
ICD teaching? | No MRI if it fires, call PCP if it fires and you don't feel well, call 911 |
Pacemaker candidates | AV block AFib with RVR BBB Vtach Cardiomyopathy HF SA node dysfunction |
Pacemaker teaching? | No MRI if it fires, call PCP if it fires and you don't feel well, call 911 take daily pulse |
Aortic dissection signs | weak or absent pulses different between bilateral upper extremities |
Aortic dissection complication | cardiac tamponade (JVD, pulsus paradoxus) |
Kidney functions | Eliminate toxins regulate acid/base balance erythropoietin release |
No renal function characteristics | CA down Phos up anemia metabolic acidosis |
normal urine output | 30 ml/hr |
kidney function (AFEVER) | A = acid base balance F = fluid/electrolyte balance E = elimination of wastes V = Vitamin D E = erythropoietin release R - renin releaase |
kidney failure symptoms (AFEVER) | A = acidic F = K up, CA down, Phos up E = retain fluids V = CA down, hypocalcemia E = H&H down, RBC down - anemia R = BP up |
when is dialysis needed | creatinine 15 or below |
nitrogenous waste in blood | azotemia |
condition of nitrogenous waste in blooc | uremia |
normal creatinine | 0.6 - 12 mg/dl |
good indicator of AKI | urine output |
normal BUN | 6-20 mg/dl |
crush injury | increased myoglobin |
Does BUN or creatinine fluctuate more | BUN |
most accurate kidney function test | creatinine clearance |
what is creatinine | end product of muscle and protein metabolism |
what is BUN | end product of protein metabolism |
BUN would do what with fluid retention | BUN would go down |
What level is oliguria? | < 400 ml/day |
Hallmark signs of AKI | increased potassium increased phosphorous decreassed calcium decreased Ph (acidic) |
Mannitol is what? | diuretic |
symptoms of hyperkalemia | nausea, fatigue, weakness, tingling, bradycardia, AV block |
what to do with hyperkalemia | insuin/glucose IV sodium bicarb induce diarrhea calcium supplements phosphorous with meals |
normal GFR | 100-125 ml/min |
kidney diet | low salt, low potassium, fluid restrictions, low protein, no dairy |
osmosis moves what | water |
diffusion moves what | solvent (potassium) |
ultrafiltration does what | pressure (like wringing out a mop) |
dialysis complications | hypertension, cramping, disequilibrium syndrome |
what do you do with hypertension complciation during dialysis | stop, supine, NS bolus, O2 |
what do you do with cramping complicatino during dialysis | stop, NS bolus, weight |
what are signs of disequilibrium syndrome during dialysis | BP up, N/V, HA, convulsions |
what do you do with disequilibrium syndrome? | decrease time, decrease flow rate, call PCP |
what are the three types of cardiomyopathy? | dilated, hypertrophic restrictive |
what cardiomyopathy is most common? | dilated |
what can be the first sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | SCD |
what is a sign of restrictive cardiomyopathy | JVD, RHF |
Created by:
Sharonwhite513
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