USMLE Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
goal of antianginal therapy | reduce myocardial oxygen consumption |
name 5 determinants of antianginal therapy | end diastolic volume, blood presure, heart rate, contractility, and ejection time |
how do nitrates effect end diastolic volume, blood pressure, contractility, heart rate, and ejection time | decrease EDV, decrease BP, increase contractility (reflex), increase HR (reflex), decrease Ejection time |
how does beta-blocker affect end-diastolic volume, blood pressure, contractility, heart rate, ejection time | increase EDV, decrease BP, decrease contractility, decrease HR, increase ejection time |
name 3 factors that combo beta-blockers + nitrates will decrease | blood pressure, heart rate, and overall myocardial oxygen consumption |
for calcium channel blockers, what drug is similar to nitro | nifedipine |
for calcium channel blockers, what durg is similar to beta-blockers | verapamil |
define bioavailability, protein bound percentage, where excreted, and 1/2 life for digoxin | 75% availability, 20-40% bound, excreted in kidney, 40 hours t(1/2) |
mechanism for digoxin | block Na/K ATPase, increase Na, slow Na/Ca antiport, increases Ca in ECM, positive inotrope |
how does digoxin affect ECG readings | vagal effects increase PR, decrease QT, T wave inversion on ECG, and scooping of ST segment |
name 2 uses for digoxin | CHF (increase contractility) and A-Fib (decrease conduction at AV node) |
5 major general digoxin side efects | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision, arrhythmia |
name 3 contraindications with digoxin | renal failure, quinidine (will displace dig on protein, potentiate effect), hypokalemia (potentiate effect) |
what is the antidote for digoxin | slowly normalize K, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-dig Fab fragments |
describe function that all class I antiarrhythmics have | decrease slope of phase 4 depolarization by blocking Na channels |
define state dependency and state what drugs are state dependent | class I antiarryhtmics. selectively depress tissue that is depolarized |
name 4 class Ia antiarrhythmics | Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's pyramid: quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramide |
name 3 mechanisms of class Ia antiarrhythmics | increase AP duration, increase ERP, increase QT interval |
what do you use class Ia antiarrhythmics for? | atrial and ventricular arrhythmias |
quinidine toxicities | cinchonism: headache, tinnitisum, thrombocytopenia plus torsades |
procainamide toxicity | reversible lupus like side effect |
name 3 class IB antiarrhythmics | lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide |
mechanism for class IB | decrease AP duration by blocking Na channel |
where does class IB affect? | affect ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissue. |
what is class IB useful for? | acute ventricular arrhythmias (post-MI) and digitalis induced arrhythmia |
name 4 side effects of class IB | local anesthetic, cns stimulation, cns depression, cardiovascular depression |
name 3 class IC antiarrhythmics | flecainide, encainide, propafenone |
name mechanism of class IC | no effect on AP |
what is class IC sueful for? | v-tach that progress to V fib and also for SVT. usuaully only last resort for refractory tachyarrhythmias |
class IC toxicities | proarrhythmitic, especially post-MI (contraindiciated) |
name 5 class II antiarrhythmics | propanolol, esmolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol |
mechanism of class II antiarrhythmics | Beta-blockers; decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, decrease slope phase 4, increase PR interval at AV node |
what is a short acting class II | esmolol |
name 5 side effects of class II drugs | mask hypoglycema, impotence, asthma, CV effects (bradycardia, av block, chf). sleep alterations |
name 4 class III antiarrhythmics | sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone |
mecanism of class III | block K channels; increase AP duration, increase ERP, increase QT, used when others fail |
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets