Test 1- Bouma Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
Naturopathy | spirit guide and heal us |
Allopathy | scientific knowledge, understand what is impacting body and what body is doing in response, DOES NOT DEAL WITH EVERYTHING |
Homeostasis | "Balance", steady-like state |
Stress | Altered balance |
Cannon | linked physiological and psychological stress |
Hans Selye | PHYSICAL, injected estrogen in rats, inc. size in adrenal cortex, inc. gastric ulcers, dec. atrophy thymus gland and lymphoid, GAS |
Benson | identified concept of a stressor and stress response |
Endogenous | INSIDE the body, tumor, allergy, defect, could turn on signals and pathways that are not needed at the right time, give false signals, cause stress on the rest of body |
Exogenous | OUTSIDE the body, noises, nasty smell, cold, heat, worries, |
Interactional | within person and environment |
appraisal | what person perceives |
past | experience, past history |
magnitude and duration | size and consequences |
coping potential | how you deal |
noxious stressor | irritating to indiv., pneumonia, bee sting |
pleasant stimuli | can be stressor, tickling, wedding |
anticipatory stress response | PSYCHOLOGICAL, anticipation generates response ahead of disruption |
GAS | general adaptation syndrome |
alarm | fight or flight |
action | resistance or adaptation |
exhaustion | body gets to a point where it won't respond anymore, feedback shut off or decompensation occurs |
HPA Axis | hypothalamus secretes CRH binds to pituitary, pituitary secretes ACTH binds to adrenal, adrenal releases glucocorticoid hormones that help enhance immunity during ACUTE stress and repress immunity during CHRONIC stress |
Stage 1 | alarm stage |
Stage 2 | resistance or adaptation |
Stage 3 | exhaustion |
Immune responses regulated by | macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells |
Th1 | PRO-inflamm, promote cellular immunity to protect the body from intracellular antigens, respond immediately |
Th2 | ANTI-inflamm, produce antibodies that protect the body from extracellular antigens, respond later and deal with infection later |
microenvironment | infection is inside the body |
mast blood cell | WBC comes in to destroy and then eat them |
psycho | consciousness |
endocrine | brain and spinal cord |
Th2 shift | dec. in Th1 and inc. in Th2 |
cellular adaptation | REVERSIBLE structural or functional response, sublethal |
cellular injury | CANNOT return to homeostasis, lethal |
causes of cellular injury | hypoxia, chemicals, infection, mechanical pressure, physical agents, genetic errors |
hypertrophy | inc. in size of cell |
hyperplasia | inc. in # of cells |
atrophy | dec. in cell size |
metaplasia | reversible replacement of one mature cell type for another |
dysplasia | inc. in number of cells of NOT the same cells as before |
hypoxic injury | #1 cause of all cell injury, dec. oxygen in air, dec. RBC, dec. hemoglobin efficacy |
ischemia | dec. blood supply, #1 cause of hypoxia |
anoxia | total lack of oxygen |
reperfusion injury | cut off of blood flow |
necrosis (infarction) | cellular dissolution due to cellular death |
apoptosis | death of single cells |
coagulative necrosis | change from gelatinous to firm and opaque state Ex: kidneys, heart, adrenal glands |
liquefactive necrosis | soft and liquefied, fluid filled cysts EX: brain tissue, fatty tissue |
caseous necrosis | hard case on outside surrounding partial liquid inside EX: TV in lungs |
fat necrosis | breakdown fats to create soaps with calcium and sodium Ex: pancreas, breasts, abdom organs |
gangrenous necrosis | lg areas of tissue death due to hypoxic injury, NOT true cell death |
somatic death | entire organism |
local cell injury | hand injury |
systemic cell injury | hand injury that became infected and microorganism multiplied in blood stream causing septicemia |
first line of defense | innate, physical/ chemical barriers |
second line of defense | inflamm |
third line of defense | adaptive (acquired) |
physical barrier examples | skin, mucous secretions from linings of GI, GU, and respiratory tracts, vomiting, coughing and sneezing |
chemical barrier examples | saliva, tears. ear wax, sweat, mucus, normal bacterial flora |
Cardinal symptoms of inflamm | redness, swelling, pain, loss of funct, heat |
what can cause inflam | infection, extreme temp, radiation, ischemia, |
what happens in body that causes inflamm symptoms | blood vessels constrict while capillary beds dilate, vascular permeability |
goals of inflamm | limit and control the inflamm process, prevent and limit infection and further damage, initiate adaptive immune response, initiate healing |
3 plasma protein systems | complement, coagulation, kinin |
outcome of the complement system | leukocyte migration |
Complement system NEEDS what | C3 to release histamine and so the opsonin can slime and cause phagocytosis |
clotting system | forms fibrinous meshwork at site to keep microorganisms at site, prevents spread of infection, forms clot |
kinin system | dilation of blood vessels, PAIN, vascular permeability, leukocyte chemotaxis |
what does kinin system make | bradykinin which makes prostaglandins and together they cause PAIN |
cytokines | conductors of inflamm (IL, TNF, INF, chemokines) |
chemotaxis | movement of cells to the point of bacteria or infection |
phagocytosis | engulf bacteria |
angiogenesis | redevelopment of cells |
Interleukins | produced by macrophages, help create a fever |
interferon | protects against viral infection |
Tumor necrosis factor | induces fever, causes cachexia and intravascular thrombosis with cancer pts |
chemokines | attract bacteria/ leukocytes to site |
mast cells | contain histamine/ chemotaxis, cellular bags in loose connective tissue hanging out waiting to attack |
histamine causes what | most vascular effects, making the wall more porous |
what is attracted to histamine release | neutrophils |
Histamine1 receptor | proinflamm, constricts |
Histamine2 receptor | anti-inflamm, induces secretion of gastric acid |
prostaglandins | induce pain |
margination | neutrophils line up against walls and wait to find gap to squeeze through to go and fight bacteria, PAVEMENTING |
platelets | made in bone marrow and component of blood, help with clotting |
neutrophils | first responders, ingest bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris |
monocyte/macrophages | monocytes produced in bone marrow and migrate to inflamm site and then become macrophages, there within 24 hrs |
eosinophils | fight against parasite |
dendritic cells | call other adaptive immunity to come, interact with T lymphocutes |
diapedesis | emigration of cells through the endothelial junction |
phagocytosis steps | adherence, engulfment, phagosome formation, fusion with ysosomal granules, destruction of the target |
acute inflamm | isolates to its own area, fever |
serous exudate | watery exudate, early inflamm |
fibrinous exudate | thick, more advanced inflamm |
purulent exudate | pus, bacterial infection |
hemorrhagic exudate | blood, indicates bleeding |
leukocytosis | inc number of leukocytes, WBC count is high |
chronic inflamm | lasting longer than 2 wks, too much bacteria and can't fight it off, acute inflamm couldn't get job done, granuloma formation, |
who have depresses inflamm and immune function | neonates |
what phagocyte is not capable of efficient chemotaxis in peds | netrophils |
what ages do the immune system start to fade | older adults |
adaptive (acquired) immunity | slow responders, have memory, destruction of infection resistant to inflamm |
lymphocytes | primary cells for adaptive immunity, WBC |
what immunity attack and create antibodies so next time they see the organism they know it | adaptive |
active immunity | exposed to an antigen, immunization |
passive immunity | given someone else's antibodies, IgG infusion, baby gets from mother |
humoral immunity | b cell lymphocytes, produce antibodies or immunoglobulins that incapacitate antigen |
cellular immunity | t cell lymphocytes, attack antigens directly |
immunocompetent | capable of binding with a specific antigen |
primary response- I got eM | IgM- will go up and then down |
secondary/chronic response | IgG- goes up later and stays up |
what react to antigens | antibodies |
IgG | most abundant, most protective, transported across placenta |
IgA1 | found in blood |
IgA2 | body secretions, saliva, sweat, fluid in lungs |
IgM | first produced, first antibody to infection, largest, synthesized during fetal life |
IgD | low concentrate in the bloodI |
IgE | EMERGENCY, allergic/ hypersensitivity reaction, protects against lg parasites, attracts eosinophils, mast cell degranulation- release histamine |
what are direct antibody reactions | neutralization (bacteria can't move), agglutination (clump together), precipitation (stick together) |
what are indirect antibody reactions | inflamm, phagocytosis, complement |
true/false: both t and b cells have memory cells | true |
Th | HELP respond to antigen |
CD4 reacts with what class | MHC class II |
Tc (cytotoxic)/ NK | destroy cancer/ virus cells |
CD8 reacts with what class | MHC class II |
Treg (regulatory) | turn on and off other t cells |
how long do maternal antibodies provide protection | 5-6 months |
fetus antibodies | good IgM, bad IgG, IgA responds |
what ages are more likely to get cancer bc of the less amount of cytotoxic cells | older adults |
symbiosis | benefits only human, no harm to the microorganism |
mutualism | benefits the human and the microorganism |
commensalism | benefits the microorganism, no harm to the human |
pathogenicity | benefits he microorganism, harms the human |
communicability | ability to spread from one indic. to others and cause disease |
immunogenicity | ability of pathogens to induce an immune response |
bacteria | produce surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis and toxins |
viruses | have to be in cell to replicate |
Exotoxins | break apart plasma cell membrane |
endotoxins | when release= BAD bc of fever that comes with |
bacteremia | NOT GROWING, in wound |
septicemia | GROWING, throughout whole body, lead to septic shock |
single cell fungal microorganism | yeast |
multi- cell fungal microorganim | mold |
pathogenicity | adapt to host environment, low OX and moist environment, |
mycoses | diseases caused by fungi |
dermatophytes | fungi that invade the skin, hair, or nails |
what type of infection is opportunistic | fungal |
parasitic | unicellular protozoa to lg worms |
bacteriocidal | kills |
bacteriostatic | stops from growing |
primary immunodeficiency | genetic |
second immunodeficiency | acquired- HIV |
Hallmark sign for immunodeficiency | severe, unusual, recurrent infections |
5 primary immune deficiencies | b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte, combined t and b, complement, phagocyte |
hypersensitivity | exaggerated response to something in environment |
immediate hypersensitivity reaction | so much of a reaction go into shock |
delayed hypersensitivity reaction | after awhile final get a reaction/rash |
allergy | reaction of immune system to some antigen in environment |
autoimmunity | breakdown of tolerance, disturbance in immunologic system to fighting against self |
alloimmunity | transfusion, transplant |
Type 1 hypersensitivity | IgG mediated- ALLERGIC REACTION |
type 2 hypersensitivity | tissue specific |
type 3 hypersensitivity | immune complex-mediate reactions |
type 4 hypersensitivity | cell mediated |
anaphylaxis | acute, sudden, rapidly progressive hives and respiratory distress |
universal donor | type o |
universal recipient | type ab |
graft rejection- hyperacute | first week or when getting it |
graft rejection- acute | first 100 days |
graft rejection- chronic | always at risk |
Created by:
mls02744
Popular Nursing sets