Thermoregulation Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| What is the most accurate method of ,easuring core temperature? | Pulmonary artery by use of a pulmonary artery catheter |
| What is the best method to monitor brain temperature? | Nasopharynx |
| What is the definition of hypthermia? | Core temperature less than 36 degrees C (98.6) |
| What is the definition of hyperthermia? | Core temperature greater than 38 degrees (100.4) |
| How is most of the body's heat provided? | Through basal metabolic rate |
| True/False: The body's core temperature may vary with environmental changes. | FALSE - Core temperature remains faily constant. Skin and extremity temperatures may vary with environmental changes. |
| What is the primary temperature control center? | Hypothalamus |
| What is the only natural internal source of heat? | Metabolism |
| How do body tissues produce heat? | In proportion to their metabolic rates. |
| Shivering can increase heat production by up to what percentage? | 500% |
| How is nonshivering heat produced? | Through catabolism of brown fat cell by the newborn |
| How does heat flow? | From warmer to cooler. |
| How is 40-60% of heat lost? | Radiation (from warmer to cooler) |
| What account for 25-35% of heat loss? | Convection (loss of heat from transfer to the surrounding cooler air) |
| Heat loss from transfer through direct contact between objects is called what? | Conduction |
| True/False: Almost all patients receiving an anesthetic become hypthermic unless they are actively warmed. | True |
| Anesthetic cause a drop in temperature due to what? | core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat (anesthesia reduced the vasoconstriction threshol and causes peripheral vasodilation) |
| How much does core temperature drop in the first hour of surgery? | 1-1.5 degrees C (primarily caused by core-to-peripheral redistribution) |
| Why would hypothermia during surgery be planned? | To prevent cardiac or cerebral ischemia |
| What are the most common times planned perioperative hypothermia would occur? | Cardiac or Neurosurgical procedures |
| What effect does hypothermia have on the brain? | Decreased intracranial pressure and amount of bleeding |
| What are risk factors for perioperative hypothermia? | extreme ages, female, room temp, length/type of surgery, cachexia |
| What effect does hypothermia have on coagulopathy? | platelet function is reduced and clotting cascade is slowed; blood loss is increased |
| What effect does hypothermia have on drug metabolism? | Elimination of injectable drugs is prolonged; Duration of anesthestic agents are prolonged |
| What impact does hypothermia have on wound healing? | Impaired wound healing; tissue oxygenation is decreased, immunity and collagen production is impaired, and infection rates increase. |
| What causes Malignant Hyperthermia? | muscular hypercatabolic reaction in ehich the level of intracellular calcium reuptake is impaired. |
| What does MH cause? | Muscle tetany, increased prduction of heat, CO2, and lactate |
| What population is MH more common in? | children |
| What are triggering agents of MH? | Succinylcholine, ALL volative inhalation agents, d-Tubocurarine, IV potassium if given rapidly |
| What are POSSIBLE MH triggers? | Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine) and Haloperidol |
| What are safe anesthetic agents to use with patients at risk for MH? | Nitrous oxide, opioids, Barbiturates, Droperidol, Propofol, Benzodiazepines, Etomidate, Ketamine, NONdepolarizing muscle relaxants,amides, and esters |
| What diseases/disorders place patient at a higher risk of MH? | Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Central Core Disease, Myotonia, Myopathies |
| What is the most reliable way to diagnose MH? | Caffeine-halothane contracture test |
| What is a test that can help identify potential for MH, but is unreliable? | CK (Creatinine Phosphokinase) |
| What are EARLY signs of MH? | Muscle rigity, tachycardia and dysrhythmis, tachypnea, hyperkalemia |
| What are LATE signs of MH? | Pyrexia, Coagulopathy, Thabdomyolysis, Lt Ventricular failure |
| What is the immediate treatment for MH? | Immediate discontinuation of anesthesia and surgery, 100% Oxygen, Dantrolene |
| How do you reconstitute Dantrolene? | 60mL of preservative-free sterile water |
| What is the recommended dose of Dantrolene? | 2.5mg/kg up to a total of 10 mg/kg body weight. May exceed if syndrome not under control |
| After initial treatment of MH what actions do you take? | Initiate patient cooling, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and monitor cardiac output |
| Once MH is under control what is treatment for the patient? | Move to ICU and repeat dantrolene every 4-6 hours for up to 48 hours, monitor for DIC, Follow CK for several days until normal. |
| How may a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient present if not identified as at risk for MH? | Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, sudden hyperkalemia or possible sudden cardiac arrest in a child or young adult in PACU with no other risk factors |
| How do you treat a muscular dystrophy patient who was given succs or a volatile inhalation agent and is symptomatic? | Glucose, insulin, and bicarbonate IV and calcium chloride if ventricular tachycardia |
| How does MH and Thyrotoxicosis differ? | Thyrotoxicosis has no muscle rigidity, little to no acidosis, and no myoglobinuria. |
| In what disease that mimics MH is dantrolene of little or no value? | Pheochromocytoma |
| Hypoxic brain damage with periods of hypoxia that lead to hyperthermia are treated with what? | Mannitol and steroids |
| Ascending tonic-clonic syndrome occurs after what procedure? | Myelogram |
| What occurs with ascending tonic-clonic syndrome? | jerking of muscles in legs progress to whole body tonic activity and leads to seizures and hyperthermia |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurs in patients taking what? | antipsychotic medications |
| What is the treatment for Neuroleptic melignant syndrome? | Cooling, Dantrolene, Bromocriptine (a dopamine agonist), and syptomatic therapy |
Created by:
keviannk
Popular Nursing sets