EMT Pharmacology Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
Selectively stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors of the lungs, uterus and vascular smooth muscle | Salbutamol/Ventolin Mechanism(s) of action 1 |
Bronchodilation results from relaxation of the vascular smooth muscles which relieves bronschospasm and reduces airway resistance | Salbutamol/Ventolin Mechanism(s) of action 2 |
Higher doses will drive serum potassium (K+) into the cells | Salbutamol/Ventolin Mechanism(s) of action 3 |
Bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other chronic bronchiopulmonary disorders | Salbutamol/Ventolin Indications |
Respiratory Distress with bronchospasm | Salbutamol/Ventolin Indications 2 |
Hypersensitivity | Salbutamol/Ventolin Contraindications 1 |
Use with caution- Tachycardia | Salbutamol/Ventolin Precautions/Interactions 1 |
Should not be used with Pt presenting with acute heart failure | Salbutamol/Ventolin Precautions/Interactions 2 |
CV disease- cardiac dysrythmias, hypertension | Salbutamol/Ventolin Precautions/Interactions 3 |
Diabetes Mellitus- risk of drug induced hyperglygemia | Salbutamol/Ventolin Precautions/Interactions 4 |
Hypokalemia- risk further reducing serum potassium levels and possible adverse cardiovascular events | Salbutamol/Ventolin Precautions/interactions 5 |
Tachycardia | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 1 |
Palpitations | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 2 |
Dizziness | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 3 |
Headache | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 4 |
Angina | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 5 |
Anxiety | Salbutamol/Ventolin Adverse Effects 6 |
Adult 2.5-5.0 mg nebule q 10 min prn MDI min 6 puffs max 10 | Salbutamol/Ventolin Dosage-Route Adult |
Pediatric- 0.15mg/kg diluted to 2.5ml saline via nebulizer OR <10kg give 1.25 mg with NS to 2.5 ml 10-20kg give 2.5 mg >20kg give 2.5 to 5.0 mg MDI pediatrics minimum 2 puffs max 10 | Salbutamol/Ventolin Dosage-Route Pediatric |
2.5 mg in 2.5 ml plastic nebs MDI 100ug puff Combivent 2.5mg Ventolin with 500mcg Atrovent | Salbutamol/Ventolin Supplied |
Bronchodilator | Salbutamol/Ventolin Class |
Rapid and Reversible Analgesia | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Mechanism of Action |
Pain of musculoskeletal origin, particularly fractures | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Indications 1 |
Burns | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Indications 2 |
Suspected Ischemic Chest Pain | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Indications 3 |
Pregnancy- only in active labor | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Indications 4 |
Altered LOC, Pt unable to self administer, Closed head injury, Chest or ABD trauma, Shock, Respiratory compromise/distress, bowel obstruction, suspected pneumothorax, decompression sickness(diving in last 48hrs), Pregnancy (except in active labor) | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Contraindications (all) |
Anytime >50% O2 is required | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Precautions/Interactions 1 |
Prolonged use can cause Hypoxia- provide supplemental O2 | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Precautions/Interactions 2 |
1 Lightheadedness | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Adverse Effects 1 |
2 Nausea and Vomiting | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Adverse Effects 2 |
3 Decreased LOC | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Adverse Effects 3 |
4 Numbness and Tingling | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Adverse Effects 4 |
Self Administered by Pt for relief of pain | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Dosage/Route Adults/Peds |
Premixed tank: 50%oxygen and 50% Nitrous Oxide | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox supplied |
Use in Well ventilated area Invert tank 3x prior to use (to mix contents) Do not use if outside ambient temp < -6c Do not use if frost on tank | Nitrous Oxide/Entonox Notes on tank use |
Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Class |
Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophospate (cyclic GMP) | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Mechanism of Action 1 |
Decreased levels of cyclic GMP produce local- not systemic bronchodilation | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Mechanism of Action 2 |
Bronchospasm from asthma | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Indications 1 |
Chronic bronchitis | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Indications 2 |
Emphysema | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Indications 3 |
Atropine | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Contraindications 1 |
Aerosol Propellants | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Contraindications 2 |
pt's with Soy or peanut allergies | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Contraindications 3 |
Use with caution with Pt with narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary retention | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Precautions/Interactions 1 |
hypersensitivity to soy lecithin or related food products (soy, peanuts) | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Precautions/Interactions 2 |
Be careful to avoid accidental release into eyes | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Precautions/Interactions 3 |
Dry mouth, vomiting, palpitations, headache, tremor, cough, flushing, dizziness | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Adverse Effects (all) |
Adult 250-500mcg via Nebulizer with Salbutamol (mixed) up to 2x if neccessary *only 1-2 doses with emphysema/chronic bronchitis | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Adult Dose Nebulizer |
Combivent- 2.5-5.0 nebule q10 minutes prn (not to exceed max dose for Atrovent) | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Adult Dose Combivent |
MDI min 1-4 puffs prn; max 10 (give after salbutamol, ipratropium has much slower onset of action) | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Adult Dose MDI |
Pediatric: (ages 5-11) 25-250mcg via nebulizer with Salbutamol (mixed) q 2x if neccessary | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Pediatric Dose nebulizer |
MDI minimum 2 puff, max 4 (give after salbutamol) | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Pediatric Dose MDI |
Unit dose vials available in 125mcg/ml, 250mcg/ml, 500mcg/ml | Ipratropium Bromide/Atrovent Supplied |
Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Class |
Directly stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Mechanism of Action 1 |
Bronchodilation: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2 receptors) and inhibits histamine release | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Mechanism of Action 2 |
CV and vasopressor: produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects (beta1 receptors) increasing cardiac output, myocardial O2 consumption and force of contraction | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Mechanism of Action 3 |
Vasodilation (beta2 receptors)and vasoconstriction (alpha receptors) in anaphylaxis it re-stabilizes the mast cells | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Mechanism of Action 4 |
Anaphylaxis | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Indications |
None in anaphylactic shock | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Contraindications |
Use with caution- preexisting cardiac conditions- Pt must be monitored | Epinephrine/Adrenaline Precautions/Interactions |
Palpitations, angina, dysrhythmias, N&V, headache, Nervousness | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Adverse Effects |
Adult 0.3mg (1:1000) IM q 5-10 minutes prn | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Adult Dose |
Pediatric .01 mg/kg IM/SQ do not exceed .3 mg | Epinephrine/Adrenalin Pediatric Dose |
Hyperglycemic Agent | Glucagon Class |
Stimulates hepatic production of glucose from glycogen stores (glycogenolysis) | Glucagon Mechanism of Action 1 |
Relaxes the musculature of the GI tract | Glucagon Mechanism of Action 2 |
Has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects | Glucagon Mechanism of Action 3 |
Confirmed symptomatic hypoglycemia (BGL <4.0mmol/l) and unable to administer D50W (no IV access) | Glucagon Indications |
Known hypersensitivity to glucagon, beef or pork proteins | Glucagon Contraindications 1 |
Pheochromocytoma (catecholamine producing tumor of the adrenal gland) | Glucagon Contraindications 2 |
Hyperglycemia | Glucagon Contraindications 3 |
Hepatic or renal insufficiency- only effective if glycogen stores are present- malnourished patients may not respond well | Glucagon Precautions/Interactions 1 |
Use with caution- underlying CV disease | Glucagon Precautions/Interactions 2 |
After pt regains LOC, supplemental carbohydrates should be provided ASAP | Glucagon Precautions/Interactions 3 |
Lowers serum potassium levels | Glucagon Precautions/Interactions 4 |
Can cause tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, hypertension | Glucagon Precautions/Interactions 5 |
Tachycardia, Nausea, Vomiting | Glucagon Adverse Effects |
Adult; hypoglycemia: 1mg IM q 15-20 minutes prn | Glucagon Adult Dose |
Pediatric: hypoglycemia: <5yrs, 0.5mg IM >5yrs, 1.0mg IM | Glucagon Pediatric Dose |
1mg powder supplied with 1ml dilutent for reconstitution | Glucagon Supplied |
Anti-Anginal Vasodilator | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Class |
Antianginal: relaxes vascular smooth muscle of both venous and arterial beds, resulting in a net decrease in the myocardial oxygen consumption. | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Mechanism of Action 1 |
Dilates coronary vessels leading to redistribution of blood flow to ischemic tissue and improves collateral circulation | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Mechanism of Action 2 |
Vasodilating: dilates peripheral vessels decreasing venous return to the heart (preload) useful in treating pulmonary edema in heart failure | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Mechanism of Action 3 |
Arterial vasodilation decreases afterload, thereby decreasing Left Ventricular work and aiding the failing heart | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Mechanism of Action 4 |
Angina Ischemic Chest Pain | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Indications |
Hypersensitivity to Nitrates, unable to initiate IV, Increased ICP | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Contraindications 1 |
Hypotension, uncorrected hypovolemia, suspected cardiac tamponade or pericarditis | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Contraindications 2 |
Sildenafil (viagra) or similar generic drug use within 24 hrs, Avoid use in extreme bradycardia (<50bpm) or severe tachycardia (>180bpm) BP <100mm/hg | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Contraindications 3 |
NOR FOR USE WITH Right Ventricular Infarction | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Precautions/Interactions |
Headache, Dizziness, N&V, tachycardia, hypotension | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Adverse Effects |
Adult 1 tablet (0.3mg) or 1 spray (0.4mg)SL q5minutes prn max 3 doses or BP<100systolic | Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat Adult dose |
Hyperglycemic Agent (oral) | Oral Glucose/Insta Glucose Class |
Provides a quickly abosrbed form of glucose to increase BGL | Oral Glucose/Insta Glucose Mechanism of Action |
Conscious patient with intact gag reflex (able to swallow and maintain own airawy) | Oral Glucose/Insta Glucose Indications |
Decreased LOC (no gag reflex, cannot swallow or maintain airway) | Oral Glucose/Insta-Glucose Contraindications 1 |
Hyperglycemia | Oral Glucose/Insta-Glucose Contraindications 2 |
Nausea, Vomiting | Oral Glucose/Insta-Glucose Precautions/Interactions |
Nausea, Vomiting | Oral Glucose/Insta-Glucose Adverse Effects |
Adult/Pediatric 25g administered slowly until improvement is noted | Oral Glucose/Insta-Glucose Adult/Pediatric Dose |
Platelet aggregation inhibitor | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin |
Impedes clotting action and platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet aggregation to slow or prevent further growth of clots | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Mechanism of Action 1 |
Blocks the formation of Thromboxane A2 responsible for platelet aggregation and artery constriction | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Mechanism of Action 2 |
ASA's effects on platelets is irreversible and lasts the life of the platelets (5-7 days) | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Mechanism of Action 3 |
ASA also has anti-pyretec, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Mechanism of Action 4 |
Recent onset of ischemic chest pain suggestive of AMI | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Indications |
Hypersensitivity (SEVERE allergy known) Bleeding disorders | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Contraindications 1 |
Unconsciousness Active GI bleed | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Contraindications 2 |
Children <14years Asthmatic with prev. sensitivity to ASA or NSAIDS | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Contraindications 3 |
Impaired renal/hepatic function May produce bronchoconstricion in Asthmatics | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Precautions/Interactions 1 |
Pregnancy Children/Adolescents with flu or varicella | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Precautions/Interactions 2 |
Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, bronchospasm, bleeding, urticaria | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Adverse Effects |
160-325 mg po; chew tablet before swallowing *give even if Pt has taken own ASA | Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin Dose |
Hyperglycemic agent (IV) | Dextrose 50% in Water Class |
Rapid replacement of blood glucose to normal levels in hypoglycemia | Dextrose 50% in Water Mechanism of Action 1 |
Hypertonic solution produces transient movement of water from interstitial spaces into venous system | Dextrose 50% in Water Mechanism of Action 2 |
Confirmed symptomatic hypoglycemia (BGL <4.0mmol) | Dextrose 50% in Water Indications 1 |
Unable to bring BGL up using other measures | Dextrose 50% in Water Indications 2 |
Hyperglycemia | Dextrose 50% in Water Contraindications |
Increased ICP or intracranial bleed, CVA | Dextrose 50% in Water Precautions/Interactions 1 |
Dextrose > 5% considered hypertonic, can be very irritating to vein, could cause cerebral bleeding if not administered slowly | Dextrose 50% in Water Precautions/Interactions 2 |
Ensure Patency of IV, can cause tissue sloughing if interstitial. Minimum 18gauge cathalon- very viscous solution | Dextrose 50% in Water Precautions/Interactions 3 |
Chronic Alcoholosm | Dextrose 50% in Water Precautions/Interactions 4 |
Phlebitis, irritating to veins and tissues, ensure patent IV before and during administration, Large vein and large bore IV preferred | Dextrose 50% in Water Adverse Effects |
Adult 0.5-1.0g/kg SIVP 2nd dose may be given if first dose ineffective | Dextrose 50% in Water Adult Dose |
Pediatric 0.5-1.0 g/kg of D25W (2-4mls/kg) SIVP | Dextrose 50% in Water Pediatric Dose |
Suspected Head Injury 12.5g D50W slow IVP | Dextrose 50% in Water Suspected Head Injury |
To prepare D25W expel half the contents of preloaded syringe and draw up 25ml NS | Dextrose 50% in Water D25W prep |
Pt must be given carbs after hypoglycemia is corrected | Dextrose 50% in Water Post care |
Created by:
staggeringduck
Popular Paramedic/EMT sets