Glossary Terms Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Xylem | main water and mineral-conducting tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises from the cambium and becomes wood after lignifying. |
Phloem | plant vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators. Situated on the inside of the bark, just outside the cambium. |
Parenchyma Cell | thin – walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds. |
Branch Bark Ridge | raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge. |
Epicormic Branching | branch arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point). |
Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees (CODIT) | Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms |
Flush Cut | Pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem. |
Rays | Parenchyma tissues that extend radically across the xylem and phloem of a tree. It functions in transport, storage, structural strength, and defense. |
Angiosperm | Plant with seeds borne in an ovary. |
Gymnosperm | Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. |
Compression Wood | Reaction wood in gymnosperms, and some angiosperms, that develops on the underside of branches or leaning trunks and is important in load bearing. |
Reaction Wood | Wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of gravity. |
Tension Wood | Form of reaction wood in broadleaved trees (hardwoods) that forms on the upper side of branches or the trunks of leaning trees. |
Topping | Inappropriate pruning technique to reduce tree size. Cutting back a tree to a predetermined crown limit, often at internodes. |
Drip Line | Imaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants. |
Disorder | Abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Often associated with noninfectious agents. |
Arboriculture | Practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape. |
Cultivar | cultivated variety of plants; cannot be reproduced without human assistance and usually propagated asexually (cloned). |
Cotyledon | seed lead. One of the first leaves to form in an embryo. |
Epigeal germination | process by which plants, fungi and bacteria emerge from seeds and spores, and begin growth. E.g. the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm. |
Family | Taxonomic group under the order level but above the genus level. |
Genotype | The specific set of genes possessed by an individual, both expressed and recessive. |
Hardwood cuttings | Cutting taken when plant is dormant does not only pertain to deciduous trees, more to do with timing of year. (30 cm long) ex. poplar, willow, dogwood |
Included bark | Bark that becomes embedded in a crotch (union) between branch and trunk or between co-dominat stems; causes a weak structure. |
Phenotype | The visible characteristics of a tree. The phenotype is determined by the genotype interacting with the environment in which it is grown. |
Ramet | A vegetatively reproduced copy of a plant. Each ramet will have almost precisely the same genotype as the original parent tree, known as the ortet. |
Scion | Top part of a graft, with leaves and buds that is grafted to the root stock. |
Softwood cuttings | Taken during active growing or emerging shoots of tree & shrubs. Still flexible and slightly green (5-10cm long) |
Specific epithet | Classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature. |
Stratify | To preserve seeds by placing them between layers of moist sand or similar nutrients. |
Desiccation | Severe drying out. Dehydration |
Wound Wood | Lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding. Contrast with callus |
Scaffold Limbs | Permanent or structural branches that form the scaffold architecture or structure of a tree. |
Suborination | Pruning cut to reduce the size and ensuring growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders. |
Whorl | Leaves, twigs or branches arranged in a circle around a point of stem. |
Anthocyanin | Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. |
Biomechanics | Study of the structures and functions of biological systems from the plant phylum. |
Chlorophyll | Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis. |
Plant Hardiness | Genetically determined ability of a plant to survive low temperatures. |
Carotenoid | Yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. |
Dioecious | having the male and female organs in separate and distinct individuals; having separate sexes. |
Monoecious | having the stamens and the pistils in separate flowers on the same plant |
Pollarding | A pruning system in which the upper branches of a tree are removed, promoting a dense head of foliage and branches.Common in Europe since medieval times and is practised today in urban areas worldwide, primarily to maintain trees at a predetermined height |
Hybrid | Produced when pollen of one species is used to fertilize flowers of another species. |
Rhizosphere | Narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms |
Shake | Breakage or longitudinal separation of wood fibres due to causes other than drying, usually originating in the log or tree. Also called "compression fractures", "brittle heart" |
Tannin | An acidic substance, soluble in water, with a bitter taste, that is present in a number of plants |
Tropism | A biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus |
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rachelanngrant
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