Module 9 (Thorax) Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
True ribs (#s) | 1-7 |
False ribs (#s) | 8-10 + 11 and 12 |
Floating ribs (#s) | 11 + 12 |
Manubrium articulates with... | clavicle and rib 1` |
Manubriosternal joint articulates with... | rib 2 |
Body of the sternum articulates with... | ribs 2-6 |
Xyposternal joint articulates with... | rib 7 |
What type of joints are the manubriosternal and xyposternal joints? (CT) | fibrous joints |
Articulations of costotransverse joint | Transverse process w/ tubercle of rib |
Articulations of costovertebral joint | Body of vert. w/ head of rib |
Articulations of costochondral joint | anterior rib (1-10) w/ costal cartilage |
Articulations of chondrosternal joint | medial costal cartilage (1-7) w/ sternum |
Articulations of interchondral joint | medial costal cartilage (7-10) w/ costal cartilage (of other ribs) |
UE - thorax muscles that assist with rib elevation (inspiration) | Pec major, pec minor, and serratus anterior |
Muscles of head/neck that assist with rib elevation (inspiration) | ant/mid/post salenes, SCM |
Muscles of the abdomen that assist with rib depression (expiration) | Ex/int obliques, rectus abdominus |
Contraction of the diaphram causes ____ | inspiration |
Relaxation of the diaphram causes ____ | expiration (via elastic recoil) |
External intercostals assist with... | inspiration |
Serratus posterior superior assists with... | inspiration |
Serratus posterior inferior assists with... | expiration |
Internal intercostals assist with... | expiration |
Intercostal nerves (ant. rami of spinal nerves) run along... | the inferior border of ribs |
The internal thoracic artery branches from... | the subclavian artery |
Posterior intercostals 3-11 branch from... | the aorta |
Posterior intercostals 1-2 branch from... | subclavian artery |
Subcostal artery runs inferior to __ and branches from ____ | 12th rib, aorta |
The right lung has __ lobes | 3 |
The left lung has __ lobes | 2 |
Bronchial arteries | branch from aorta and bring O2 blood to lungs |
Pulmonary veins return ___ blood to __ | oxygenated blood to the L artium |
Alveoli | sacs of gas exchange (surrounded by capillary bed) |
Pleura | tissue to reduce friction of lungs on thoracic wall |
Coronary sulcus / atrioventricular groove | groove that separates atria from ventricles |
What travels along the coronary sulcus? | R/L coronary arteries |
Superior vena cava receives blood from... | head, neck, UE, upper thorax |
Inferior vena cava receives blood from... | lower thorax, and everything inferior to the diaphram |
The coronary sinus brings deoxygenated blood from ___ to ____ | from myocardium to the R atrium |
Pulmonary circuit (pathway) | blood of body -> R atrium -> tricuspid valve -> R vent -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> O2 blood -> pulmonary veins (4) -> L atrium |
Systemic circuit (pathway) | O2 blood -> L atrium -> bicuspid/mitral valve -> L vent -> aorta -> body |
BP of systemic circuit vs pulmonary circuit | systemic BP > pulmonary circuit |
Angina pectoris | temp. deficiency in b supply to myocardium (exercise/stress induced) -> chest pain |
Myocardial infarction (MI) | prolonged blockage of blood flow (ischemia) -> cardiac muscle cells die |
Tricuspid valve lies b/w | R atrium and R vent |
Bicuspid/mitral valve lies b/w | L atrium and L vent |
Chordae tendinae | CT attaching papillary muscles to cusps |
Chordae tendinae prevent.. | prolapse (of valves) |
The atrioventricular valves are open during __ | diastole |
Diastole | heart relaxes b/w beats, blood enters atria and ventricles, SL valves close from backflow (S2) |
Systole | heart contraction = atria contract -> vent contracts + AV valves close (S1) -> force blood into pulmonary artery + aorta |
The pulmonary valves lies between... | R vent and the pulmonary artery |
The aortic valve lies between... | L vent and the aorta |
Fibrous pericardium prevents | over-stretching of the heart |
Heart depolarization (pathway) | SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> R/L bundle branches -> purkinje fibers |
Intrinsic rate of SA node, AV node, and Purkinje fibers | SA: 75-100 bpm, AV: 50 bpm, Purkinje: 30 bpm |
Pacemaker cells | SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers |
P wave | depolarization wave from SA to AV |
P wave causes | atrial contraction |
QRS wave | depolarization wave of ventricles |
QRS wave causes | ventricular contraction |
T wave | ventricular repolarization |
S1 (heart sound) | closure of AV valves (beginning of systole) |
S2 (heart sound) | closure of SL valves (beginning of diastole) |
Stenotic murmur | valve of decreased diameter -> turbulent flow |
Regurgitation murmur | valve does not close completely |
Cardiac output (CO) | volume of blood pumped (by each ventricle) per minute |
CO = | HR x SV (stroke volume) |
Stroke volume (SV) | volume of blood pumped per beat |
Ventricle ejects about __% of blood it contains | 60% |
What increases SV? | increase venous return, increased atrial pressure |
Pectoralix major (N) | Lat + med pec nerves |
Serratus anterior (N) | long throacic nerve |
Scalenes (N) | ventral nerves of C7-8, cervical spinal nerves C4-6 |
SCM (N) | accessory nerve |
Anterior abdominal muscles (N) | lower six thoracic nerves |
Pectoralis minor (N) | medial pec nerve |
Serratus posterior superior (N) | 2-5 intercostal nerves |
Serratus posterior inferior (N) | 9-12 intercostal nerves |
External intercostals (N) | intercostal nerves |
Internal intercostals (N) | intercostal nerves |
Conducting zone | no gas exchange (trachea + bronchii) |
Respiratory zone | gas exchange (alveolus) |
Surfactin | keeps alveolus open |
Function of thoracic wall | protect + help breathing |
Costal grooves hold... | arteries, nerves, veins |
1st rib is a __ rib | atypical |
Costal cartilage provides... | elasticity |
Thoracic and lumbar nerves are named for.. | superior vertebrae |
Bucket handle | ribs during inspiration |
Pump handle | sternum during inspiration |
"Lub" | AV valves shut |
"Dub" | SL valves shut |
Thoracic outlet syndrome | compression of arteries/nerves in superior thoracic outlet |
Herpes zoster (shingles) | virus that resides in nerves -> radiating skin rash (often following intercostal nerves) |
Pneumothorax | collapsed lung due to fluid/air build up -> shortness of breath |
Pleuritis | Inflammation of pleura -> friction and pain during breathing |
Atelectasis | Collapsed lung (often post-surgery and due to a lack of surfactant) |
Pulmonary embolism | blood clot of pulmonary arteries |
Bronchogenic carcinoma | lung cancer |
Cardiac tamponade | pericardium fills w/ fluid -> pressure on heart |
Septal defect | hole b/w ventricles |
Cerebrovascular accident | stroke (blocked BVs in brain) |
Angina | chest pain due to a lack of blood flow to the heart |
Myocardial infarction | "heart attack" = death of heart muscle cells due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) |
Coronary artery disease | plaque build up in arteries of the heart |
Aortic aneurysm | enlargement of the aorta (can cause pain, may lead to hemorrhage) |
Created by:
cbaweiss
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