Med. Term. Ch.7 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
biopsy | removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination |
endoscopic examination | procedure using an endoscope to diagnose or treat a condition, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract |
dent/o | teeth |
odont/o | teeth |
gingiv/o | gums |
gloss/o | tongue |
lingu/o | tongue |
or/o | mouth |
stomat/o | mouth |
ptyal/o | saliva |
sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
esophag/o | esophagus |
gastr/o | stomach |
pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
pylor/o | pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach that opens into the duodenum) |
duoden/o | duodenum (first part of small intestine) |
enter/o | intestine (usually small intestine) |
jejun/o | jejunum (second part of small intestine) |
ile/o | ileum (third part of small intestine) |
an/o | anus |
append/o | appendix |
appendic/o | appendix |
col/o | colon |
colon/o | colon |
proct/o | anus, rectum |
rect/o | rectum |
signoid/o | sigmoid colon |
chloangi/o | bile vessel |
chol/e | bile, gall |
cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
choledoch/o | bile duct |
hepat/o | liver |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
-algia | pain |
-dynia | pain |
-emesis | vomiting |
-iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
-megaly | enlargement |
-orexia | appetite |
-osis | abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells |
-pepsia | digestion |
-phagia | swallowing, eating |
-prandial | meal |
-rrhea | discharge, flow |
endo- | in, within |
hemat- | blood |
hypo- | under, below, deficient |
appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed infection appendix and antibiotic therapy |
ascites | pathological build up of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity due to liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure |
borborygmus | gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through intestines |
cirrhosis | chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice |
diverticular disease | formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon, but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis) |
dysentery | inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps |
fistula | abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such as the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula) or a body cavity to the skin (such as the rectum to the outside of the body) caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation |
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
hematochezia | passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indiciation that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of CA |
hemorrhoid | also called piles. mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum. |
hernia | protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it |
strangulated | hernia in which the protruding viscus is so tightly trapped that it leads to necrosis with gangrene results, requiring immediate surgery |
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines |
Crohn disease | chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis |
ulcerative colitis | chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood and pain |
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | common colon disorder characterized by spastic colon. constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon |
jaundice | hyperbilirubinemia. yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive level of bilirubin in the blood |
obesity | condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 |
morbid obesity | more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 pounds lbs or more over the ideal body weight |
ulcer | open sore throat that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue |
volvulus | twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction |
barium enema (BE) | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum. BE is used for diagnosis of obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis |
barium swallow | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of the barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) and upper GI series |
cholangiography | radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contract medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts |
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | upper GI endoscopy. visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope |
stool guaiac | hemoccult test. test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection |
bariatric surgery | any of a group of procedure used to treat morbid obesity |
vertical banded angioplasty | bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays and food from leaving the puch, causing a feeling of fullness |
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) | bariatric surgery when stomach is stapled to decr to small pouch&jejunum is shortened and connected to small stomach pouch, causing duodenum base leading from the nonfunctioning stomach portion, forms Y configuration,decr food pathway,reduc cal absorption |
colostomy | excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag |
lithotripsy | eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultra sonic shock waves to shatter it |
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy | use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts |
nasogastic intubation | insertion of a soft plastic nasogastic tube through the nostrils, past the past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
polypectomy | excision of a small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface |
antacids | neutralize acids in the stomach |
antidiarrheals | control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowl or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract |
antiemetics | control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain |
laxatives | relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract |
defecation | body eliminates indigestible remains after this process of absorption |
upper gastrointestinal tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach |
lower gastrointestinal tract | large and small intestines, rectum, and anus |
gastroenterology | branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the digestive tract |
polypectomy | detection of polps in volon |
choleliths | gallstones |
cholelithiasis | calculi (gallstones) form in gallbladder |
laparoscopic cholecystectomy | treatment for gallstone |
gastroenterology | branch of medicine concerned with disease of digestive tract. do liver biopsies, endoscopic examinations |
digestion. alimentary canal, GI tract | foods are broken down physically and chemically into nutrients so that they can be absorbed by cell membrane |
digestion tube. upper gastrointestinal tract | mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, |
lower gastrointestinal tract | |
defecation | body eliminates indigestible remains after absorption process |
endoscopy | page 172 |
gallstones. page 173 | gallbladder is usually where gallstones or choleliths, or calculi (cholelithiasis) form. causes are not understood. treatment: laparoscopic cholecystectomy |
choledocholithiasis | calculi are present in the bile duct |
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