Kinesiology Test #1 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Arthrology | study of joint structure and function |
Joint | junction b/w 2 or more bones |
Articulations are designed for... | Mobility and stability |
Synarthrosis | An immovable joint held by dense CT (non-synovial) |
Arthrosis | a freely movable joint (synovial) |
Example of suture joint | Cranial bones |
Example of gomphosis | tooth socket |
Example of syndesmosis | tibia-fibula |
5 characteristics of diarthrotic joints | joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial fluid, synovial tissue, hyaline cartilage |
Two layers surrounding the joint capsule (outside and inside) | Stratum fibrosum (outside), stratum synovium (inside) |
Secretion of the stratum synovium | synovial fluid |
Synovial fluid provides | joint lubrication |
Lubricin | clear, lubricating fluid inside a joint |
Bursa | fluid filled sack that decreases friction |
Uniaxial | 1 DF |
Biaxial | 2 DF |
Triaxial | 3 DF |
Trochoid joint (aka pivot joint) | 1 DF, rotation; e.g. atlas + axis |
Condyloid joint | 2 DF, Convex/concave; e.g. radiocarpal joint, MCP |
Saddle joint | 2 DF; e.g. sternoclavicular joint |
Spheroidal | 3 DF, ball and socket; e.g. humeroglenoid joint |
Plane joint | 3 DF, like book on smooth surface; e.g. CMC joint |
Ovoid joints | convex/concave |
Sellar joints | saddle joint |
Static stabilizers | provide joint stability w/o moving (e.g. ligaments) |
Dynamic stabilizers | provide joint stability w/ motion (e.g. muscles and tendons) |
What joint in the body uses only dynamic stabilizers? | Scapulothoracic |
Joint mechanoreceptors sense | motion, stability, pain |
Ruffini receptors | (1) stretch receptors |
Pacini receptors | (2) pressure receptors |
Golgi receptors | (3) sense pressure and force in movement |
Unmylinated receptors | (4) sense mechanical stress (pain) |
Free nerve endings | (5) sense pain |
5 types of mechanoreceptors | 1 ruffini, 2 pacini, 3 golgi, 4 umylinated, 5 free nerve endings |
Closed kinematic chain | movement with distal limb fixed |
Open kinematic chain | movement with distal limb NOT fixed |
Osteokinematics | movement of bone shaft |
Joint play | how a joint moves |
Roll and glide in opposite direction when joints are... | Convex on concave |
Roll and glide in same direction when joints are... | Concave on convex |
Joint mobilization typically occurs in the direction of ___ | The glide |
Instantaneous axis of rotation | the axis of rotation changes with the motion of the joint |
A joint has maximal congruity when it is... | in a closed-pack position |
Characteristics of closed-pack position | high stability, non-contractile tissue at max stretch, least joint play |
Characteristics of open-pack position (aka loose-pack position) | more motion, less stability |
Ginglymus (aka Hinge joint) | 1 DF, uniaxial; e.g. humeroulnar joint, door hinge |
Throchoid (aka pivot joint) | 1 DF, uniaxial; e.g. humeroradial joint, door knob |
Saddle joint | 2 DF, biaxial; e.g. 1st metacarpal on trapezium |
3 arthrokinematic motions | roll, glide, spin |
Components of synovial fluid | hyaluronate, lubricin |
What force correspond with the size of the moment arm? | torque |
In the human body, the center of mass is... | anterior to S2 |
4 shoulder joints | AC, SC, GH, Scapulothoracic (and spine, kinda) |
Grade I joint mobilization | vibrating capsule |
Grade II joint mobilization | slow, large amplitude |
Grade III joint mobilization | slow, large amplitude near normal limit of motion |
Grade IV joint mobilization | rapid, small amplitude near normal limit of motion |
Charles Neer's 3 stages of healing | inflammation, scar tissue, remodeling |
Type of joint: MCP | 2 DF, condyloid |
Type of joint: IP | 1 DF, hinge/ginglymous |
Mallet finger | avulsion -> flexion at DIP |
volar | relating to the palm |
valgus | lateral deviation of distal segment of bone (irregular joint) - knock-knee |
varus | medial deviation of distal segment of bone (irregular joint) - bow leg |
Movement around longitudinal axis in transverse plane | Rotation |
kinematics | motion of body w/o considering forces |
kinetics | effects of forces (on body) |
The axis is perpendicular to... | the plane of motion |
3 types of motion | translatory (straight), rotary, curvilinear |
force | push or pull that alters motion |
Center of Mass (CoM) | balance point of an object |
Segmental center of mass | two joined segments experience gravity in differing ways (e.g. kyphosis -> 2 balance points) |
Crutches increase a person's... | base of support |
1st law of motion | inertia (objects resist changes in motion) |
2nd law of motion | acceleration, F = m*a (force = mass x acceleration) |
3rd law of motion | equal opposite reaction |
static friction | opposing force, w/o motion |
kinetic friction | opposing force, w/ motion |
fulcrum | axis |
1st class lever | Axis in the middle (seesaw) |
2nd class lever | Resistance force in the middle (garlic press / nut cracker) |
3rd class lever | Effort force in the middle (arm with weight in hand) |
Torque | rotatory work perpendicular to the lever |
Mechanical advantage | results in movement, despite the effort force being smaller than the resistance force (e.g. crowbar) |
5 factors affecting joint stability | geometry, static stabilizers, dynamic stabilizers, compressive forces, atmospheric pressure |
Created by:
cbaweiss
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