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Kinesiology Test #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arthrology | study of joint structure and function |
| Joint | junction b/w 2 or more bones |
| Articulations are designed for... | Mobility and stability |
| Synarthrosis | An immovable joint held by dense CT (non-synovial) |
| Arthrosis | a freely movable joint (synovial) |
| Example of suture joint | Cranial bones |
| Example of gomphosis | tooth socket |
| Example of syndesmosis | tibia-fibula |
| 5 characteristics of diarthrotic joints | joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial fluid, synovial tissue, hyaline cartilage |
| Two layers surrounding the joint capsule (outside and inside) | Stratum fibrosum (outside), stratum synovium (inside) |
| Secretion of the stratum synovium | synovial fluid |
| Synovial fluid provides | joint lubrication |
| Lubricin | clear, lubricating fluid inside a joint |
| Bursa | fluid filled sack that decreases friction |
| Uniaxial | 1 DF |
| Biaxial | 2 DF |
| Triaxial | 3 DF |
| Trochoid joint (aka pivot joint) | 1 DF, rotation; e.g. atlas + axis |
| Condyloid joint | 2 DF, Convex/concave; e.g. radiocarpal joint, MCP |
| Saddle joint | 2 DF; e.g. sternoclavicular joint |
| Spheroidal | 3 DF, ball and socket; e.g. humeroglenoid joint |
| Plane joint | 3 DF, like book on smooth surface; e.g. CMC joint |
| Ovoid joints | convex/concave |
| Sellar joints | saddle joint |
| Static stabilizers | provide joint stability w/o moving (e.g. ligaments) |
| Dynamic stabilizers | provide joint stability w/ motion (e.g. muscles and tendons) |
| What joint in the body uses only dynamic stabilizers? | Scapulothoracic |
| Joint mechanoreceptors sense | motion, stability, pain |
| Ruffini receptors | (1) stretch receptors |
| Pacini receptors | (2) pressure receptors |
| Golgi receptors | (3) sense pressure and force in movement |
| Unmylinated receptors | (4) sense mechanical stress (pain) |
| Free nerve endings | (5) sense pain |
| 5 types of mechanoreceptors | 1 ruffini, 2 pacini, 3 golgi, 4 umylinated, 5 free nerve endings |
| Closed kinematic chain | movement with distal limb fixed |
| Open kinematic chain | movement with distal limb NOT fixed |
| Osteokinematics | movement of bone shaft |
| Joint play | how a joint moves |
| Roll and glide in opposite direction when joints are... | Convex on concave |
| Roll and glide in same direction when joints are... | Concave on convex |
| Joint mobilization typically occurs in the direction of ___ | The glide |
| Instantaneous axis of rotation | the axis of rotation changes with the motion of the joint |
| A joint has maximal congruity when it is... | in a closed-pack position |
| Characteristics of closed-pack position | high stability, non-contractile tissue at max stretch, least joint play |
| Characteristics of open-pack position (aka loose-pack position) | more motion, less stability |
| Ginglymus (aka Hinge joint) | 1 DF, uniaxial; e.g. humeroulnar joint, door hinge |
| Throchoid (aka pivot joint) | 1 DF, uniaxial; e.g. humeroradial joint, door knob |
| Saddle joint | 2 DF, biaxial; e.g. 1st metacarpal on trapezium |
| 3 arthrokinematic motions | roll, glide, spin |
| Components of synovial fluid | hyaluronate, lubricin |
| What force correspond with the size of the moment arm? | torque |
| In the human body, the center of mass is... | anterior to S2 |
| 4 shoulder joints | AC, SC, GH, Scapulothoracic (and spine, kinda) |
| Grade I joint mobilization | vibrating capsule |
| Grade II joint mobilization | slow, large amplitude |
| Grade III joint mobilization | slow, large amplitude near normal limit of motion |
| Grade IV joint mobilization | rapid, small amplitude near normal limit of motion |
| Charles Neer's 3 stages of healing | inflammation, scar tissue, remodeling |
| Type of joint: MCP | 2 DF, condyloid |
| Type of joint: IP | 1 DF, hinge/ginglymous |
| Mallet finger | avulsion -> flexion at DIP |
| volar | relating to the palm |
| valgus | lateral deviation of distal segment of bone (irregular joint) - knock-knee |
| varus | medial deviation of distal segment of bone (irregular joint) - bow leg |
| Movement around longitudinal axis in transverse plane | Rotation |
| kinematics | motion of body w/o considering forces |
| kinetics | effects of forces (on body) |
| The axis is perpendicular to... | the plane of motion |
| 3 types of motion | translatory (straight), rotary, curvilinear |
| force | push or pull that alters motion |
| Center of Mass (CoM) | balance point of an object |
| Segmental center of mass | two joined segments experience gravity in differing ways (e.g. kyphosis -> 2 balance points) |
| Crutches increase a person's... | base of support |
| 1st law of motion | inertia (objects resist changes in motion) |
| 2nd law of motion | acceleration, F = m*a (force = mass x acceleration) |
| 3rd law of motion | equal opposite reaction |
| static friction | opposing force, w/o motion |
| kinetic friction | opposing force, w/ motion |
| fulcrum | axis |
| 1st class lever | Axis in the middle (seesaw) |
| 2nd class lever | Resistance force in the middle (garlic press / nut cracker) |
| 3rd class lever | Effort force in the middle (arm with weight in hand) |
| Torque | rotatory work perpendicular to the lever |
| Mechanical advantage | results in movement, despite the effort force being smaller than the resistance force (e.g. crowbar) |
| 5 factors affecting joint stability | geometry, static stabilizers, dynamic stabilizers, compressive forces, atmospheric pressure |
Created by:
cbaweiss
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