CC Exam 1 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Virchow's triad | blood stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability |
+ D-dimer | possible clots |
- D-dimer | no clots |
HTN emergency | Nitroprusside (Nipride) or Beta blockers |
Pericardial Fluid amount | 20-25 ml |
Which Coronary perfuses the most | RCA |
MAP Calculation | (diastolicx2)+systolic/3 |
SV | 60-70 ml |
EF | >50% |
Preload is effected by | venous return, atrial kick, volume, Starling's law |
Afterload is effected by | HTN & tense of wall |
Constriction | increases preload |
Meds for constriction | dopamine & Levafed |
dilate | decreases preload |
meds for dilation | nitro, morphine, opiate |
Acute chest pain assessment 3 parts | chief complaint, precipitating events, current medications |
ascites is a sign of | R Heart failure |
A/V no hair | venous |
A/V thin shiny dry skin | arterial |
A/V flaking, mottled, dermatitis,stasis | venous |
A/V ulcers present at the ankles & moist | venous |
A/V pressure points dry & pale | arterial |
A/V pallor or dependent rubor | arterial |
A/V brown patch rubor, mottled, cyanosis dependent | venous |
A/V nails thick & brittle | arterial |
A/V varicose veins | venous |
A/V cool skin | arterial |
A/V warm skin | venous |
A/V >3 secs | arterial |
A/V foot to calf edema | venous |
A/V pulses 0-1 rating | arterial |
S3 causes | fluid increase or in kids |
S4 causes | hypertrophy, hyperkinetic, regurgitation |
murmur scale | 1 faint-6 without stethoscope |
HyperK | wide QRS, tall peaked T |
HypoK | PVC & U waves |
HyperCa | bradycardia, blocks, HTN, pot dig. |
HypoCa | decrease CO, VT, hypotension, asystole |
HypoMg | U waves, prolonged PRI, T flattened, wide QRS=SVT, VT, torsade |
Which electrolyte/mineral do you need to correct 1st? | Mg |
Troponin 1 | elevates 3-12 hrs. Peak 24hrs. base 5-10 days |
Troponin T | elevates 3-12hrs. Peak 12-48hrs. base 5-14 days. |
CKMB | elevates 3-12 hrs. Peak 24hrs. base 2-3 days |
BNP | >400 very probable 100-400 with hx or suspicion probable |
INR | <1 anticoag 2-3 |
aPTT | 28-38 sec anticoag 1.5-2.5xnorm |
PTT | 60-90 sec anticoag 1.5-2xnorm |
ACT | 0-120 sec <130 without CAD |
LDL | <100 no risk <750 with risk |
Triglycerides | <150 |
HDL | >40 men >50 women |
after cardiac cath how long extremity immobilized? | 6-12 hr |
DM | 70-100 normal 100-125 Pre >126 Diabetic |
R/L HF GI S | right |
R/L HF pulmonary | left |
R/L HF weak peripheral perfusion | left |
R/L HF nocturia | left |
R/L HF JVD & edema | right |
R/L HF mental changes | right |
R/L HF hepatojugular reflex | right |
complications with HF | pink frothy sputum, cardiac asthma, < 30 EF and increased dysrhythmias & A Fib |
diuretics | decrease preload |
vasodilators | decrease afterload & resistance |
morphine | peripheral dilation & decreases anxiety |
+ inotropes | decrease contractility |
S&S endocarditis | fever, stroke, septic emboli, HF, cough, & pleuretic chest pain |
S&S CAD | TIA, Neuro deficits, reversible ischemic neuro, completed stroke |
CAD Tx | antithrombotic therapy, surgery, stents |
Variant angina | spasm |
pritzmetal angina | spasm |
MONA | Morphine O2 Nitro ASA/Analgesia |
3 mechanisms of MI | plaque rupture, thrombosis, coronary artery spasm |
ischemia | T inverts or depresses |
injury | ST elevated |
infarction | patho Q waves |
transmural MI/Q | all muscle layers |
NSTEMI | no Q wave subendocardial |
V dsyrythmia tx only if | >6/min, closely coupled, polymorphic, multifocal, bursts, runs |
meds for preventing V remodeling | ACE I |
dys prevention | beta blockers |
Aneurysm tx outpt for | 4 cm or smaller |
MAP decrease for HTN | 20-25% over mins-hr |
HTN urgency meds | diuretics or oral antiHTN |
fixed | asych |
demand | synch |
AV sequential | dual |
rate control | # of impulses 60-80 |
output control | milliamp to threshold |
sensitivity | millivolts |
undersensing | inability to sense spontaneous depol showing after or unrelated spots |
oversensing | inappropriate sensing of extraneous electrical signals causing unnecessary trigger/inhibit |
protect from microshocks by | covering with rubber caps & preventing static electricity |
cardiac resynch 3 leads | RA, RV, LV via coronary sinus |
atria arrhythmia suppression | prevents A Fib. & can have non-p wave tracking when rapid is sensed |
Fibrinolytic therapy criteria | no more than 12 hr. onset, unresponsive to Nitro, ST elevation or new onset of left bundle branch block, no predsiposition for hemorrhage |
non specific clotting med | SK |
S&S reprefusion | chest pain stops, ST elevation returns to baseline, dysrhythmia, peaking of creakine kinase or Troponin |
PCI Complication late | restenosis & thrombosis |
contract induced renal failure prevention | increase fluids & take Na bicarb |
PCI most dangerous for complications | 8-12 hrs |
Physiological of Cardiopulmonary bypass that are most | fluid volume deficit & myocardial deficit |
cold postop bypass | constriction increasing BP & afterload |
how to fix cold postop bypass | nitro, nitropresside, IVF, vasopressor |
S&S of Tamponade | increasing wedge & CVP pressure, decreased CO, JVD, muffled heart sounds, pulseless paradoxys |
TX Tamponade | emergency sternotomy at bedside |
how soon should you try to get off a vent postop bypass surgery | 4-8 hrs |
intraaortic balloon pump inflates when? | diastole & when aortic valve closes |
balloon its important to watch for | migration or perforation |
ventricular assist devices used ot | bridge to recovery, bridge to transplant, or a destination therapy |
Created by:
midnight1854
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