World Ocean Exam2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
The average salinity of ocean water is?	3.5% or 35 o/oo
Which processes decrease surface ocean salinity?	sea ice melting and precipitation
Which processes increase surface ocean salinity?	sea ice forming and evaporation
The layer of rapidly changing water temperature is the?	thermocline
Ocean water has an average pH of 8.1 which means it is slightly acidic. True or false?	False
In the tropics, there is virtually no change in temperature or density with water depth. True or False?	False
An increase in salinity will decrease density of surface ocean water. True or False?	False
What is seawater's surface salinity from highest to lowest by location?	Tropics -> equator -> high latitudes
In an isothermical and isopycnal water column, surace and deep waters can mix. True or False?	True
Halite or sodium chloride is the most common salt in seawater. True or False?	True
The majority of hurricane fatalities are the result of?	the storm surge
The Tropic of Capricorn is located at?	23.5 degrees SOUTH latitude
Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate?	counterclockwise
The low latitude wind belt with strong, reliable, generally easterly (from the east) wind are the....?	Trade Winds
Within which wind belt are we located here in Pennsylvania?	Prevailing Westerlies
Where would you expect to find warm and dry conditions and the world's major deserts?	Horse Latitudes
A land breeze blows?	from land to sea starting at night
Icebergs are a form of sea ice. True or False?	False
Current sea level rise worldwide can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT..?	Geological uplifting of the ocean basins
Satellite data show that the rate of sea level rise since 1993 is on average about...?	0.1 inch/year
The Sargasso Sea is located in the...?	North Atlantic Ocean
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean..?	Flow from land to sea and are dry
The El Nino weather pattern is associated with?	drought and fires in Australia
Thermohaline circulation is driven by?	density
The Mediterranean Sea has little influence on the water of the Atlantic Ocean. True or False?	False
Deep water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities. True or False?	True
The most dense ocean water mass is the?	Antarctic Bottom Water
Which water mass originates in the far North Atlantic (like near Greenland)?	North Atlantic Deep Water
Scientists have concluded that the deep Pacific Ocean water is old due to is low?	Oxygen levels
The La Nina weather pattern is associated with?	Intensified trade winds blowing from east to west
Within the water molecule, oxygen and hydrogen atoms are joined by?	covalet bonds
The attraction between the "+" H side and the "-" O side of adjacent water molecules is?	hydrogen bonds
Water is relatively slow to change temperature (compared to land for example) because of its...?	High Heat Capacity
Which is greater, latent heat of melting or latent heat of vaporization?	Latent heat of Vaporization
The most abundant ion in ocean water is..?	Chloride
Chesapeake Bay water with a salinity of 20o/oo is...?	Brackish
Which of these processes increases seawater salinity?	evaporation
As the ocean absorbs more CO2 from the atmosphere...?	pH decreases
The highest surface ocean salinities are found...?	in the Tropics
If the temperature of seawater increases from 5 degrees C to 15 degrees C, its density will...?	decrease
The highest density seawater in the open ocean is in the..?	Deep Water
The water column in polar waters is isothermal and isopycnal. True or False?	True
A zone of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called..?	a Halocline
What is the ULTIMATE driver of surface ocean circulation?	Solar Radiation
Snow and Ice has a greater albedo than Vegetation and Land. True or False?	True
Where is the sun directly overhead at some point during the year?	Between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
A ball thrown from Mexico City toward chicago will land......	too far east
Without correction, a jet flying from the North Pole to Dallas will end up..	Too far west
Warm air rising is associated with..	Low pressure and Rain
An easterly wind blows from the west toward the east. True or False?	False
Hadley cells are found?	between the 0 and 30
The Polar front is found?	around 60 degrees
Horse latitudes are a zone of?	High pressure and Clear skies
Higher rates of snowfall over the Greenland Ice Sheet may be the result of warmer air that holds more moisture. True or False?	True
Primary productivity in high latitudes does not begin until ice has melted to expose open water. True or False?	False
Hardiness zones in North America are shifting...?	Northward
Which greenhouse gas is the most abundant one released by human activity?	Carbon Dioxide
Signs of global change close to home include?	Changing temperatures and precipitation patterns
The keeling curve shows steadily decreasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. True or False?	False
A hurricane is a massive low pressure system. True or False?	True
In the northern hemisphere, hurricanes rotate...?	Counterclockwise
A sea breeze will blow...?	During the day
Our weather here at 40 degrees North is most strongly influenced by which winds?	Prevailing Westerlies
The Keeling Curve shows increasing levels of..?	CO2 in the atmosphere
Hurricanes intensify over land. True or False?	False
H2O is a polar molecule, what does that mean?	It is attracted to each other. There is an unusual bend in its geometry (because of both H's being on the same side)
What are some of water's unusual properties?	High cohesion,Surface tension, THERMAL properties-high boiling pt.high freezing pt. Most of it is in liquid form. High solubility of chemical compounds (universal solvent) High latent (hidden) heats of: vaporization/condensation, Melting/Freezing, evapor.
How dowater's unusual properties impact us?	Water has high heat capacity so it can absorb/release large quantities of heat without changing temp. MARINE EFFECT-oceans moderate daily and seasonal temp changes. CONTINENTAL EFFECT-land areas have greater range of daily & seasonal temps
KNOW THE CLINES (Halocline, Thermocline, pycnocline)	HALOCLINE-layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth. THERMOCLINE-layer of rapidly changing temperature with depth. PYCNOCLINE-layer of rapidly changing density with depth
Why does the Earth experience seasons?	Because of uneven solar heating. The tilt of the Earth axis (towards/away from the sun)
What is the Coriolis Effect?	It is the result of the Earth's rotation to the east. Different latitudes travel at different speeds. Velocity- equator-1000mph(minimum effect) poles-0mph(max effect). North hemisphere- curve to the right. South hemisphere to the left
GLOBAL WIND BELT MODEL	(look over map) HIGH PRESSURE ZONES-Subtropical highs, polar highs> clear & dry. LOW PRESSURE ZONES-Equatorial low, Subpolar zones> overcast with precipitation. CELLS= Hadley-0-30 Ferrel-30-60 Polar-60-90 (winds named for where they originate)
How do icebergs & sea ice differ?	Sea ice is masses of frozen seawater while icebergs are pieces of glaciers which are land ice.
Why be concerned about loss of Arctic ice?	Higher Sea Levels, Disrupting life of polar bears, productivity happens with in sea ice, aka food chain is already dying
What are some predicted signs of global change? Which do we see now? (*)	melting/enlargement of icecaps/glaciers. rising sealevels. severe storms. higher than normal sea temps. severe droughts/increase precip. water contamination-outbreaks of water-bourne illness.*longer/more intense heatwaves. shifted distribution of life
How do eastern and western boundary currents compare?	EASTERN- pole to equator, wide, slow, shallow. WESTERN- equator to pole, narrow, fast, deep.
Why does the Indian subcontinent experience monsoons?	because of heat capacity differences between land and water depending on the season
What causes ocean waves	wind, tectonic activity, currents meeting, landslides, ships
How do deep and shallow water waves differ?	DEEP- depth is greater than base. SHALLOW- celerity=depth less than 1/20 of wavelength, more interaction with the land
Differentiate between constructive and deconstructive interference	CONSTRUCTIVE- increase wave height. DECONSTRUCTIVE- decreases wave height. **mixed variable pattern= most common
What is a rogue wave?	a very huge wave. common in Southern Ocean because of prevailing westerlies ....2x as big as the 1/3 highest group of waves (or something like that)
How does a wave change as it shoals (wave touches bottom)?	wave speed decreases, wavelength decreases, wave height increases, wave steepness increases
Signs of tsunami and what to do.	odd wave patterns coming into port, a sudden low tide. Run the opposing direction and head for high ground.
In the southern hemisphere, Ekman transport pushes surface water..?	To the left of the wind.
The South Pacific subtropical gyre rotates..?	counterclockwise
During summer months, air over the Asian mainland?	warms and rises creating LP
During summer months, Indian Basin monsoon winds?	flow sea to land, are wet
The eastern South Pacific normally experiences?	High P and dry weather
The western South Pacific normally experiences?	low P and wet weather
Weakening of trade winds, cessation of upwelling off Peru, and rain in western South America signal?	El Nino conditions
Intensified trade winds, strong upwelling off Peru, cool water temps across the Equatorial Pacific signal?	La Nina conditions
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, all of the following are noted EXCEPT?	wavelength increases
If you experience an earthquake that knocks you to the ground while you are on the beach, you should?	run for high ground as fast as you can
Vertical displacement along underwater faults during an earthquake changes the volume of the ocean basin. True or False?	True
A tsunami is everywhere a?	shallow-water wave
Waves converge on headlands due to?	wave refraction
What is the typical order of formation of waves from earliest to latest?	sea, swell, surf
A tsunami may result from?	tectonic activity on the seafloor
The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with?	prevailing westerlies
The area of breaking waves along a shoreline is called the?	surf zone
Which breaker indicates a gently sloping seafloor and provides surfers with a long ride?	spilling breakers
The longest period wave type is a?	tide
A wave has a wavelength of 100 feet. At which heights will the wave not yet break? 2ft 5 ft 10ft	All of them
Most commonly, the disturbing force creating ocean waves is?	wind
The speed or celerity of a deep water wave is proportional to?	wavelength
The speed or celerity of a shallow water wave is proportional to?	water depth
What will have the result of an increase in wave height?	constructive interference
As a wave shoals (moves into shallow water), the wavelength?	decreases
As a wave shoals, the celerity (wave speed)?	decreases
As a wave shoals, the wave height?	increases
As a wave shoals, the wave steepness?	increases
You have young children and want a beach that slopes slowly from shallow to deep water. you look for which type of breaker?	spilling breaker
Sediment from headland erosion fills embayments This works to straighten an irregular shoreline. True or False?	True
A Tsunami most often results from?	Seafloor tectonic activity
With its long wavelength, a tsunami is everywhere..?	a shallow-water wave
Most tsunamis occur in the?	Pacific Ocean

Created by: emilyclawson

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