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Theories of Learnin Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Incremental learning
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2.
Nativism
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3.
Connectionism
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4.
Naïve realism
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5.
Rationalism
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6.
Idiographic technique
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7.
Dependent variable
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8.
Epistemology
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9.
Identical elements theory of transfer
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10.
Behavior therapy
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11.
Trial-and-error learning
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12.
Immediate experience
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13.
Instinctual drift
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14.
Normal science
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15.
Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828)
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16.
Law of exercise
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17.
Multiple response
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18.
Margaret Floy Washburn (1878-1958)
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19.
Insightful learning
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20.
Associationism
A.
learning that occurs a little bit at a time rather than all at once.
B.
the tendency for the behavior of some organisms, after prolonged conditioning, to revert to instinctual patterns of behavior.
C.
the variable that is measured in an experiment, usually some kind of behavior (like trials of criterion).
D.
the study of the nature of knowledge
E.
a term often used to describe Thorndike’s explanation of learning because he assumed learning involved the strengthening of neural bonds between stimulating conditions and the responses to them.
F.
the raw psychological experience that was the object of introspective analysis; experience that was not contaminated by interpretation of any kind.
G.
the philosophical belief that a mental attribute is inherited and therefore is independent of experience.
H.
he believed that a person’s strong and weak faculties could be detected by analyzing the bumps and depressions on the person’s skull (phrenology).
I.
the philosophical belief that the relationships among ideas are explained by the laws of association.
J.
the strength of a connection is determined by how often the connection is used. The law of exercise has two components: the law of use and the law of disuse.
K.
learning that occurs very rapidly, is remembered for a considerable length of time, and transfers readily to situations related to the one in which the insightful learning took place.
L.
trying different responses in a problem-solving situation until a response that solves the problem is found. aka selecting and connecting
M.
the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology, Washburn wrote about consciousness in nonhuman animals.
N.
refers to the fact that if one response does not solve the problem, the organism continues to try other responses until it hits on one that is effective in solving the problem; a prerequisite to trial-and-error learning.
O.
the utilization of learning principles in the treatment of behavior disorders.
P.
the philosophical belief that the mind must become actively involved before knowledge can be attained.
Q.
the belief that physical reality is as we perceive it.
R.
those activities of scientists as they are guided by a particular paradigm.
S.
the intense study of a single experimental subject.
T.
the theory that the likelihood of something learned in one situation being applied in a different situation is determined by the number of common elements in the two situations. As the number of common elements goes up, the amount of transfer between the
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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21.
he said we can know nothing with certainty. All ideas are products of the mind and do not necessarily relate to a reality outside the mind. Therefore, the so-called natural laws are more the result of “habits of thought” than of any lawfulness in nature
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22.
ideas that are not derived from experience but rather are thought to be inherited as part of the mind.
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23.
material is learned more readily when it is structured in certain ways. Contiguity alone does not determine how well something will be learned. How the material “fits together” must also be taken into consideration. Also, Thorndike maintained that lear
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24.
refers to the fact that our response to an unfamiliar situation is determined by its degree of similarity (# of common elements) to a familiar situation (if two situations similar, similar response) This observation is related to his identical elements th
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25.
an unlearned response to a specific class of stimuli.
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26.
He argued that we can believe that our sense impressions, and the ideas they give rise to, accurately reflect the physical world
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27.
an experimental arrangement whereby a stimulus (CS) is made to elicit a (UR)response that was not previously associated with the stimulus.
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28.
the decreased tendency to respond to a stimulus that results from prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
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29.
the difference in time it takes to relearn something as compared with the amount of time it took to learn it originally; a measure of retention used by Ebbinghaus.
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30.
material with little or no meaning, invented by Ebbinghaus to control for previous experience in a learning situation.

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