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Biology Chapter 5 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
DNA is loosely coiled around clusters of histones called -.
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2.
A cell is a membrane-bounded unit that contains the DNA hereditary machinery and cytoplasm. All organisms are cells or aggregates of cells. Multicellular organisms usually consist of many small cells rather than a few large ones because small cells allow
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3.
The simplest organisms.
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4.
Microscopes that magnify in stagesusing several lenses.
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5.
Forms chromosomes when the cell divides.
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6.
Microscope that beams the electrons onto the surface of the specimen.
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7.
When plant cells are in a hypotonic solution, the large central vacuole gains water and exerts pressure, called -.
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8.
Plant, fungi, and some protist cells store substances in a large central vacuole, and encase themselves within strong cell walls.
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9.
The first living cells were observed by -, who called them "animalcules," meaning little animals.
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10.
Type of bacteria that have a thick, single-layered cell wall that retains a violet dye from the - procedure, causing the stained cells to appear purple under a microscope.
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11.
A - is a type of microbody that contains enzymes that catalyze the removal of electrons and associated hydrogen atoms.
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12.
The three layers of plant cell walls.
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13.
The area surrounding the pair of centrioles.
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14.
The process that affects plant cells in a hypertonic solution, where the central vacoule loses water, and the cytoplasn fulls away from the cell wall.
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15.
Packaging proteins associated with chromosomes.
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16.
Plant cells contain -, which contain clorophyll, which is what allows the plants to use photosynthesis.
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17.
Inside the nucleus, the DNA is wound tightly around proteins and packaged into compace units called -.
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18.
Scattered over the surface of the nuclear envelope, like craters on the moon, are shallow depressions called -.
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19.
Microscopes in which electrons used to visualize the specimens are transmitted throught the material.
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20.
A nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, which together make up the -.
A.
histones
B.
chromosomes
C.
more rapid movement of molecules between the center of the cell and the environment.
D.
chromatin
E.
nucleosomes (looks like beads on a string, where DNA is the string, and the histones are the beads)
F.
(blank)
G.
Compound microscopes
H.
plasmolysis
I.
chloroplasts
J.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
K.
nuclear envelope
L.
The centrosome
M.
Gram-positive, Gram stain
N.
primary walls (laid down while the cell is still growing), middle lamella (sticky substance that glues the cells together), and secondary walls (inside the primary walls).
O.
tugor pressure (the cytoplasm is pushed up against the cell wall)
P.
Prokaryotes
Q.
nuclear pores
R.
Transmission electron microscopes
S.
Scanning electron microscope
T.
peroxisome
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
A semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell.
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22.
A type of diffusion that deals with water across a plasma membrane.
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23.
Most prokaryotic cells are encased by a strong -.
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24.
A large, hollow-looking space in plant cells that is used for storage.
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25.
The individual fibers of the cytoskeleton form by a process called -.
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26.
A threadlike linear strand of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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27.
The nucleus of a sukaryotic cell contains the cell's genetic information and isolates it from the rest of the cell. A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of their DNA into complex chromosomes.
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28.
The movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved and the molecules are distributed equally.
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29.
The Golgi apparatus is made up of - which are flattened stacks of membranes.
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30.
Minute hairlike organelles, identical in structure to flagella, that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, providing locomotion.

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