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Fluid & Electrolytes Test

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1.
causes of metabolic acidosis
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2.
met alkalosis respiratory signs (2)
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3.
FVD, temp changes
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4.
PaO2
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5.
HCO3- (bicarb)
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6.
anasarca
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7.
insulin
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8.
neck vein distension
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9.
carbonic acid
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10.
>>> causes of FVE (10)
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11.
FVD sodium
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12.
acid
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13.
pulmonary edema
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14.
SaO2
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15.
respiratory alkalosis: labs
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16.
respiratory acidosis management (7)
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17.
pH
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18.
normal urine specific gravity
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19.
serum anion gap
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20.
FVE first sign seen
A.
severe, generalized third spacing
B.
renal failure, heart failure, excess fluid intake (without electrolytes), high corticosteroids, high aldosterone, plain water enema, NG irrigations, excess hypotonic IV fluids, SIADH, inappropriately prepared formula (dilute formula)
C.
normal to high (hemoconcentration)
D.
correct cause, CPT, TCDB if able, suction as needed, semi-Fowlers, fluids to thin secretions, low-flow O2 as needed
E.
seen with FVE, Dyspnea, tachypnea, hacking cough, crackles, o2 sat down
F.
releases H+ ions in water
G.
chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, starvation, renal failure, DKA, trauma, shock, sepsis, fever, salicylate toxicity
H.
pulmonary edema
I.
amount of oxygen available to bind with hemoglobin, amount of pressure exerted on O2 by plasma
J.
*normal 22-26 mEq/L (decreased in acidosis, increased in alkalosis)
K.
the percent of Hb saturated with O2, a calculated value (indirect measurement), calculated with pH and PaO2 (combination of O2 sat, PaO2, and Hb), indicates tissue oxygenation
L.
measured as CO2
M.
hypoventilation, respiratory failure
N.
1.002-1.030
O.
low CO2, pH high >7.45, bicarb normal if no compensation or decreased if compensation, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
P.
used to treat metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis), forces potassium back into cells
Q.
*negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration in mEq/L (as H+ ion concentration increases, pH decreases) *normal values 7.35 -7.45 (less is acidotic, more is alkalotic)
R.
sign of FVE but not seen in kids, make sure know baseline for adults
S.
decreased temp, blood shunted to central area
T.
*Concentration of anions (HCO3- , Cl-, protein, phosphate, & sulfates) and cations (Na+, K+, MG++, & Ca++) *10-12 mEq/L normal *increased in metabolic acidosis (but can be normal) *calculated by Na - Cl + bicarb
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
incorrect
21.
FVD urine specific gravity
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22.
decreased sodium and potassium signs
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
incorrect
23.
low bicarb, decreased BE, increased anion gap, hyperkalemia (from breakdown of cells from acidosis), high metabolic acids (lactic acids, ketoacids)
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24.
high (hemoconcentration); in children may be low but not pathologic
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25.
normal to high (stress response, >120)
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26.
>300, more particles ↑ number of particles, concentration
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27.
40-50%
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28.
7-20 mg/dl
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29.
normal to high (stress response, >120)
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30.
increased respiratory rate bc acidotic, blowing of CO2; thick and sticky secretions

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