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Vestibular System Test

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1.
Each semicircular duct responds best to angular acceleration in a...
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2.
The Vestibular ganglion and the vestibular nuclei send fibers to the cerebellum (vestibulocerebellum) vis what?
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3.
Anterior and Posterior semicircular ducts are roughly ________ & _________ to each other.
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4.
Describe the characteristics/symptoms of Meniere's Disease.
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5.
Displacement of the otolithic membrane causes what?
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6.
The utricle and the saccule each contain a sensory receptor. What is the name of this sensory receptor?
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7.
What, then, causes the abnormal cupula deflections?
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8.
What does the Crista Ampullaris respond to?
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9.
Bending of stereocilia away from the kinocilium causes what?
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10.
The hair cells of the Crista Ampullaris are covered by what?
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11.
What is the longest of all the finger-like projections?
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12.
Cerebellum sends fibers to vestibular nuclei vis what?
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13.
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
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14.
What is Meniere's Disease probably cause by?
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15.
The bending of stereocilia causes changes in what across the cell membrane?
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16.
Horizontal ducts of two sides form a . . .
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17.
forward and backward tilting -->
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18.
Describe what the maculae are.
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19.
The peripheral processes (dendrites) of the primary sensory (afferent) vestibular neurons innervate what?
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20.
What is the hypothesized pathology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?
A.
brief episodes of vertigo coinciding with changes in body postition; triggered by bending over, ect.
B.
rotational/angular acceleration
C.
The Maculae are 2 patches of hair cells and supporting cells located in the walls of the utricle and saccule (one maculae is in each)
D.
restiform body. Primary vestibulocerebellar fibers are sent by the vestibular ganglion; secondary vestibulocerebellar fibers are sent by vestibular nuclei.
E.
restiform body
F.
pitch
G.
Cell hyperpolarization and decreased rate of firing.
H.
Increased density of cupula causes abnormal cupula deflections when head changes position relative to gravity.
I.
vertical and perpendicular to each other
J.
Hair cells of maculae and cristae ampullares.
K.
Meniere's Disease is probably caused by an imbalance between production and reabsorption of endolymph --> excessive amt of endolymph and distention of membranous labyrinth (endolymph hydrops)
L.
the macula (otolith organ)
M.
bending of stereocilia, some cells are depolarized and some are hyperpolarized (polarity of all cells is not the same in all areas of the macula)
N.
kinocilium
O.
Hairs of the Crista Ampullaris are covered by a gelatinous mass (cupula), which extends across ampulla as a partition
P.
The bending of the stereocilia causes changes in the flow of ions across cell membrane.
Q.
functional pair
R.
recurrent episodes of vertigo accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitis (ringing in the ears), nystagmus, nausea, and vomiting.
S.
... particular plane. Because ducts are arranged in roughly orthogonal planes, movements in any direction can be detected.
T.
Posterior semicircular duct abnormalities seem to be implicated
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
Vestibular receptors transduce stimuli of movement and postition of the head into what that are then sent to the brain?
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22.
Because the strola curves through the macula, hair cells are polarized in many __________ directions.
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23.
One end of each semicircular duct is dilated (ampulla) and contains a sensory receptor. What is the name of this sensory receptor within the ampulla?
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24.
The otolithic membrane of each macula contains a small, curving depression which roughly bisects the underlying macula. What is this depression called?
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25.
Neurons in the vestibular nuclei act as what?
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26.
Anterior semicircular duct on one side is _________ to posterior semicircular duct on the other side. Anterior duct of one side forms a __________________ with posterior duct of the other side.
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27.
Hair cells in utricle macula are polarized so that kinocilium of each cell faces what structure?
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28.
Lateral (horizontal) semicircular ducts are almost __________ (tilted backward ___ w/ respect to horizontal plane)
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29.
Vestibular nuclei project __________ to thalamus (ventral posterolateral nucleus and posterior nuclei)
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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30.
Perception of body motion, when no real motion is occuring; accompanied w/ vomiting, nausea, light-headedness and fainting.

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