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ks3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Elements don't   split into any-thing   simpler through   Chemical methods as they only contain 1 of 1 kind of   atom.        
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Heat is a type of   energy, specifically   kinetic energy possessed by   particles.          
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Heat ENERGY is measured in   joules (J). The amount of joules in a kilojoule(KJ) is   1000.            
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If something gains a lot of heat energy, it (can) become   hot.              
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The measure of how hot or cold an object is, known as   temperature.              
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Usually temperature is measured in   degrees Celsius (ºC).              
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At 1 atm the freezing point of water is defined as   0ºC and the boiling point of water is defined at   100ºC. Atm is an abbreviation of   atmosphere and is a unit of   pressure based on the average atmospheric pressure at   sea level.      
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In terms of newtons per centimeter squared, 1 atm (atmosphere) is equal to   10.1325 newtons per centimeter².              
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Temperature can be measured by a variety of different thermometers. These include liquid in   glass, d....   igital, therm....   ocouple and bimetal   strip thermometers.        
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The correct phrase for heat transfer is   ‘thermal transfer’.              
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Heat energy can be transferred by four processes, which in alphabetical order are:   conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation. In each process, thermal energy is also transferred in the way:   hot to cold.            
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Heat energy only flows when there is a   temperature difference.              
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Substances may be made up of   particles, one of the 3 from   atoms, ions or molecules.To each other, these particles are   attracted. They move around meaning that they have   kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of particles increases with   temperature.      
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Metals are good conductors of heat because: inside metals there are both   atoms and electrons.The free electrons can move around and   vibrate. The heat energy is passed on by neighbouring   particles   vibrating along the   metal.      
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In metals through vibrations, neighbouring particles pass on so called;   'heat energy'.              
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Non-metals are poor conductors of   heat. In a non-metal, heat energy is only passed on by neighbouring   particles   vibrating along the   non-metal as there are no   free electrons.      
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Non-metals are poor conductors of   heat. In a non-metal, heat energy is only passed on by neighbouring   particles   vibrating along the   non-metal as there are no   free electrons.      
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Poor conductors of heat are known as   insulators.              
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Liquids and gases are poor conductors of   heat and therefore good   insulators.            
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Apart from non-metals,liquids, solids and gas an insulator of heat is a   vacuum.              
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When substances are mixed; they settle in order of   density with the least dense at the   top.            
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Density depends on how far apart   particles are.              
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With convection currents, heat rises to the   top then seperates(sometimes.) in directions that are   opposite as it begins to   cool. As it gets to the bottom, the current then begins to   heat up before returning to its   starting point and afterwards the cycle is   repeated.    
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Convection currents do not occur in   solids because the particles are held in fixed   positions.            
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Two states in which convection currents can occur are   liquids and gas.              
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Heat can move by travelling as   infrared waves. Like light waves, these are   electromagnetic waves, but with a longer   wavelength. As infrared waves act like light waves, they can travel through a   vacuum but not objects that are   opaque. They can also be   reflected and travel at approximately   300,000,000m/s.  
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Black absorbs more heat than white as it is a lack of   colour and absorbs all frequencies of 'visible   light' and all colours in the   'spectrum'. That energy stores up alongside   heat, effectively   radiating it.      
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White (supposedly) absorbs all   frequencies and   light but does not radiate   heat.          
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At a cold enough temperature, even substances that are normally gases may become   solid. Super heated gas is   plasma.            
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As long as they don’t catch fire or decompose first, at higher temperatures, solids change to become either   liquids or gases.              
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If a solid is heated, its temperature rises until the solid reaches its   melting point. At the melting point, the temperature stops rising whilst the solid   melts. This is because heat energy is going into separating the   particles rather than   raising the temperature. Once all the solid has melted, the temperature once again starts to   rise until it reaches the   boiling point. As energy goes into further separating the particles, at the boiling point the rising of the temperature   stops.  
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Evaporation occurs when the particles in a   liquid   escape to form a   vapour. The particles that escape take some   energy from the remaining   particles and so the temperature of the liquid   falls.    
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Evaporation can occur at any   temperature but it occurs most rapidly at a liquid’s   boiling point. Evaporation is also another method of   thermal transfer.          
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Radiation is the transfer of   thermal energy by   electromagnetic waves, which does not need a   medium.          
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A material that does not allow heat energy to flow through it is known as an   insulator.              
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The transfer of heat energy is known as   heating.              
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Convection is the way that heat   energy travels through both   liquids and gases because their particles are free to   move, and take the place of particles with less          
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The way that heat energy travels through solids because their particles are close together is known as   conduction. When a substance is heated, its particles gain   energy and [] more vigorously   vibrate more vigorously. The particles bump into nearby   particles and make them [] more   vibrate more. This passes the thermal energy through the substance by      
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A material that allows heat energy to flow through it is known as a   conductor.              
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At the melting point of a substance, the point of attraction gets   weaker.              
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Usually when objects are heated; they   expand and when they are cooled (with the exception of water) substances usually   contract.            
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Substances that allow thermal energy to move through them easily are called   conductors.              
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Substances that do not allow thermal energy to move through them easily are called   insulators.              
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'All' objects transfer thermal energy by [] []   infrared radiation. The infrared radiation. The hotter an object is, the more [] [] it gives off   infrared radiation it gives off. No p[] are involved in radiation, unlike conduction and convection   particles. (Infrared cameras give images even in the dark, because they are detecting heat, not visible light.)          
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Non-metals are poor conductors of   heat. In a non-metal, heat energy is only passed on by neighbouring   particles   vibrating along the   non-metal as there are no   free electrons. This allows a flow of   energy from   hot to cold.  
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