Cervical Spine Anatomy & Kinematics
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| Which joint is the OA joint? The AA joint? | OA- C0-1
AA- C1-2
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| Which segments are "typical" lower C spine segments? | C3-7
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| Which segment has the largest spinous process? | C7
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| Where is the first disc? | C2-3
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| Which segments have bifid spinous processes? | C3-6
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| The dens (odontoid process) is part of which bone? | Axis (C2)
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| Joints of Luschka begin at which segment? What to they facilitate/restrict? | C3
Faciliate- flex/ext
Restrict- lateral flexion
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| Which segment has a posterior tubercle, not a spinous process? | C1
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| The inferior facets of C1 & superior facets of C2 have what type of relationship? | Convex on Convex- most rotation occurs here
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| What is the "yes" joint? The "no" joint? | Yes- C0-1
No- C1-2
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| Convex occipital condyles movement on concave superior facets of atlas | MIA has nice LIPS
Flexion- Posterior/Superior; Extension- Anterior/Inferior
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| With flexion, what direction do occipital condyles roll/slide? Extension? | Flexion- roll anterior, slide posterior
Extension- roll posterior, slide anterior
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| Which ligament holds the dens in place? | Transverse Ligament
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| Spondylolysis is what? | Pars Interarticularis defect
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| Orientation of Facet Joints- the joint angle ____ with successive levels? | Decreases; orientation can be thought of passing through pt's eyes. C2-3= 45 deg C7-T1= 10 deg
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| Which level does impingement commonly occur? | C7-T1; transitional area, head forward with longer moment arm
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| Osteokinematics | Plane & direction of mvmt, physiologic mvmt (flexion/extension, etc.)
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| Arthrokinematics | Relative mvmt b/t articular facets of apophyseal joints; Accessory motion (Roll, Slide, etc.)
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| Type I coupling? Type 2 coupling? | Type 1- SB/rotation in opp directions (C0-1)
Type 2- SB/rotation in same direction (C2-7)
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| What is the only ligament on slack with flexion? | Flexion- ALL
PLL, ligamentum flavum, ligamentum nuchae, supraspinous, interspinous, intertransverse ligs put on a stretch
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| At which joint does the most flexion & extension occur? | C5-6
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| Since the annulus fibrosis doesn't completely encircle the nucleus pulposus in the C-spine, what covers the remainder? | PLL, so herniations will most likely affect the PLL
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| What is a burst fracture of C1 called? | Jefferson Fracture
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| The atlanto-occipital ligament is continuous with what? The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a continuation of what? Posterior atlantoaxial ligament is a continuation of what? | A-O ligament is continuous with articular capsule of C0-1
Ant. A-A lig continuous with ALL
Post. A-A lig continuous with ligamentum flavum
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| Which ligament is thick and runs from the external occipital protuberance to the SP of C7? | Ligamentum Nuchae
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| Which ligament is a continuation of the PLL & is posterior to the transverse ligament? | Tectorial Membrane
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| Where do the scalenes attach? | Anterior & Middle- 1st rib
Posterior- 2nd rib
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| What passes between the anterior & middle scalene? | Brachial plexus & subclavan a. (space is the thoracic outlet)
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| Scalenes action | Contralateral rotation & ipsilateral side bending
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| What occurs with upper crossed syndrome? | Tight- Pecs, Neck extensors
Stretched/Weak- Scap/Rhomboids, Deep neck flexors
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| Where is the costoclavicular space? Subpectoral tunnel? | Between clavicle & 1st rib
Underneath pec minor
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