Chapter 37 Animal Nutrition vocabulary
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| abortion | a pregnant animal looses the fetus
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| amino acids | building blocks of proteins that form chain like structures
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| animal nutrition | science of determining how animals use food in the body and all body processes that transform food into body tissues and energy for activity, and the process by which animal's grow, live, reproduce, and work
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| antioxidants | vitamins that boost the body's immune system
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| automatic feeder | specialized equipoment that is computerized and set to release certain amounts of food at specified times throughout the day
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| balanced ration | diet that contains all the nutrients required by an animal in correct and specific amounts
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| biological value | percentage on a food label that describes the quality of the food source
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| body condition scoring | rating of how an animal appears in looks and weight based on its ideal body weight
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| calories | unit of measurement that defines the energy in food
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| carbohydrates | nutrients that provide energy for body functions and allow for body structure formation and make up the largest part of an animal's diet needs
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| concentrates | food sources that are provided to an animal as an additional nutrient source when the primary food source is not adequate of abundant
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| concentration | determined by the amount of food fed divded by the percentage of dry matter and how it is delivered to the animal
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| dehydration | water loss by the body
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| digestion | the process of breaking down food from larger particles into smaller particles for use by the body in order to function
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| disaccharide | a double sugar
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| double sugar | two particles of carbohydrates that form the building blocks of nutrients and are called disaccharides
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| dry matter | the amount of nutrients in a food source without the water content
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| essential fatty acids | nutrients necessary in a diet and produce natural hormones needed within the body
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| fats | concentrated course of energy, also called lipids
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| fat soluble | vitamins that are stored in fat and released when needed within the body and include vitamins A,D,E,K
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| fatty acids | oils that are products of fat sources that may be used as nutrients or supplements within a diet
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| feed | materials that animal eat to obtain nutrients and nutrition
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| feedstuff | ingredients in animal food that determine nutrient content
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| fiber | material from plant cells that is left after other nutrients are digested
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| food analysis | the process of determining the nutrients in food and prepared mixes to assure it serves as a balanced ration
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| forages | plant based sources of nutrition that are high in fiber, also called roughages
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| free choice | feeding method of animals that allows animal to eat when they want food
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| growth diet | specialized food formulated to increase the size of muscles, bones, organs, and body weight of young offspring
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| hydrolysis | chemical process of breaking cells down into small particles
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| ideal weight | breed standard based on an animal's breed, age, species, purpose, or use and health status
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| kilocalories | amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree, written as kcal
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| lactation diet | specialized food provided to breeding females that have completed the gestation phase and are currently producing milk for their offspring
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| lipids | concentrated source of energy that contains the highest amount of energy of all nutrients
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| macrominerals | minerals needed in large amounts, such as calcium
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| maintenance diet | specialized diet fed to animals that may be working of competing, the goal is to keep the animal at a specific and constant ideal weight
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| microminerals | minerals needed in small amounts, such as iron
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| minerals | nutrients needed in every area of the body but are found mostly in the bones and teeth, used by the body based on the animal's needs and mineral availability
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| monosaccharide | a simple sugar
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| nonessential fatty acids | nutrients that are not neccessary within the body and are used as additions to a diet when necessary
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| nutrient | any single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provides energy for physiological processes in life
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| palatability | how well food tastes and is eated by an animal
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| permanent pasture | grass sources that regrows each year without the need of planting or seeding
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| polysaccharide | long chain of simple sugars
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| proteins | nutrients that are essential for growth and tissue repair
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| ration | total amount of food an animal needs within a 24 hour time frame
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| reduced calorie diet | specialized food given to an animal that is overweight of less active due to their health status
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| reproduction diet | specialized food given to breeding animals for additional nutrient needs
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| scheduled feedings | a set amount of food given at specific times during the day
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| senior diet | specialized food given to geriatric or older animals over a specific age for their species that require certain nutrient levels due to age
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| simple sugar | single particle of carbohydrates that form the building blocks of nutrients and are called monosaccharides
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| starches | plant or grain materials that provide fiber and bulk in an animal's diet and converts to glucose or sugar during digestions
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| sugar | type of carbohydrate that forms the simplest type of nutrient
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| supplements | additives placed into the diet in solid or liquid form when needed by the animal
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| temporary pastures | grass source that does not regrow each year and needs to be planted to seeded
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| trace minerals | minerals needed in small amounts, also called microminerals
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| trimester | the first three months of pregnancy when additional nutrition must be provided
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| vitamins | nutrients needed in small amounts for life and health maintenance
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| water | nutrient that makes up 75% of the body and provides several functions within the body, including body temperature regulation, body shape maintenance, transporting nutrients within the body's cells, aiding in digestion of food, breaking down food particles
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| water soluble | vitamins that are not stored within the body, as dissolved by water and therefore needed in daily doses by the body to work
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| work diet | specialized food given to animals that use a large amount of energy for work or an activity
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