Anxiety Kaplin
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Anxiety | feeling of dread or fear in the absence of an external threat or disproportionate to the nature of the threat
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What are the levels of anxiety | mild, moderate, severe, panic
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Mild | Which anxiety is described with high degree of alertness, mild uneasiness, "butterflies in stomach"
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Moderate | which anxiety is described with increased perspiration, light-headedness, muscle tension, urinary frequency, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, heart-pounding, increased BP, dry mouth, cold, clammy pale skin, selective inattention, poor comprehension
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Severe | Which anxiety is described with most symptoms of moderate anxiety intensified, hyperventilation, dizziness, vomiting, tachycardia, panic, inability to hear or speak, further decreased perception, hallucinations, delusions
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Panic | Which anxiety is described with symptoms of severe anxiety and inability to function, dread, terror, and personality disorganization
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_______ system with anxiety: increased pulse, blood pressure, and respiration, palpitations, chest discomfort/pain, perspiration, flushing and heat sensations, cold hands and feet, headache | Cardiovascular
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______ system with anxiety: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, belching, heartburn, cramps | Gastrointestinal _______ system with anxiety: increased muscle tension, tendon reflexes, generalized fatigue, tremors, jerking of limbs, unsteady voice
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________ system with anxiety: poor comprehension, inability to follow directions, poor concentration, selective inattention, focus on detail, impaired problem solving, unable to communicate | Intellectual
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_____ system with anxiety: feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, feelings of increased threat, dread, horror, anger, rage, and use of defensive mechanisms, crying, denial, shouting, withdrawal | social and emotional
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Phobia | apprehension, anxiety, helplessness when confronted with phobia situation or feared object
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anorexia nervosa | Most common in females 12-18 years old; characterized by fear of obesity, dramatic weight loss, distorted body image, anemia, amenorrhea, cathartics and enemas for purging, induced vomiting, excessive exercise, electrolyte Imbalance
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bulimia | Characterized by all the characteristics of anorexia plus binge eating followed by induced vomiting; may be overweight or normal
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | obsession-repetitive, uncontrollable thoughts; compulsion-repetitive, uncontrollable acts, rituals, rigidity, inflexibility
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conversion disorder | physical symptoms with no organic basis, unconscious behavior-could include blindness, paralysis, convulsions without loss of consciousness, stocking and glove anesthesia; lack of concern about symptoms
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Denial | Failure to acknowledge an intolerable thought, feeling, experience, reality
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Displacement | Redirection of feelings to subject that is acceptable or less threatening
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Projection | Attribution to others of one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, qualities
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Undoing | An attempt to erase an unacceptable act or thought
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Compensation | An attempt to overcome a real or imagined shortcoming
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Symbolization | A less threatening object or idea is used to represent another
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Substitutional | Replacing desired, impractical, or unobtainable onject with one that is attainable
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Introjections | Characteristic of another incorporated into oneself
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Repression | Unacceptable thoughts kept from awareness
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Reaction formation | Expressing attitude directly opposite to unconscious one
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Regression | Returning to an earlier stage of development
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Dissociation | Detachment of painful emotional experience from consciousness
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Rationalization | Attempts to justify, via logical or acceptable explanations, acts or feelings that are not logical or acceptable
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Idealization | Glorifying another's characteristics
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Identification | Incorporating certain attributes of another into one's own thoughts or behavior
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Crisis | Period in which there is a major change in a person's life, either from an event or a percieved threat
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Precipitating factors that are characteristics of crisis would be: (3) | 1)developmental stages (birth, adolescence, midlife, retirement) 2) situational factors (natural disaster, financial loss) 3) threats to self-concept (loss of job, failure at school, onset of serious illness)
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What process is used for a crisis intervention? | ADPIE
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What does APIE stand for? | Assessment, diagnosis, Plan, Implement/intervention, Evaluate
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What are the 5 stages of death and dying | Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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Depression | Can be manifested as a single episode or recurrent pattern, varies according to age, race, gender; mood disorder
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Anxiety | Negative affect; somatic symptoms of tension; apprehension; future-oriented.
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Fear | An immediate reaction to current danger characterized by a strong escapist action.
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Panic Attack | Abrupt experience of intense discomfort, anxiety, or fear.
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3 Symptoms of a Panic Attack | Heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness.
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3 Types of Panic Attacks | Situationally bound, Unexpected, Situationally Predisposed
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Situationally bound panic attack | Expected in a specific situation.
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Unexpected panic attack | Unanticipated; occurs without warning. (Common in people with panic disorder)
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Situationally predisposed panic attack | Occurs in a specific situation sometimes, but not always.
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Biological contributions to anxiety | Can be inherited; low levels of GABA and seretonin; Limbic system
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6 Anxiety Disorders | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Phobias, Separation Anxiety, PTSD, OCD
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Excessive worry about minor life events
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DSM-IV Criteria for GAD (4) | Excessive worry, ongoing more often than not, Persistent for at least 6 months, Physical symptoms
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4 Physical symptoms of GAD | Muscle tension, fatigue, irritability, difficulty sleeping and/or focusing
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Treatment of GAD | Benzodiazapines and/or Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Phobia | Extreme or irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes one's ability to function; chronic course, 11% prevalance.
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Social Phobia | extreme and irrational fear/shyness, focused on social and/or performance situations; Most prevalent psychological disorder at 13%
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder | Interferes with one's ability to function;(Acute, Chronic), 7.8% prevalance.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Cognitive-behavioral therapy is most effective; most afflicted with OCD are female; runs a chronic course.
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OCD: Obsessions | Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that one tries to resist or eliminate.
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OCD: Compulsions | can be behavioral (hand washing, checking) or mental (counting, praying).
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