Step-2
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| Cafe au lait spots are characteristic of what dx? | Neurofibromatosis 1
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| A 50 y/o man w/ a 25 pk year history presents with his second bout of pneumonia in the last 6 months. CXR reveals a lobar consolidation in the same location as the previous pneumonia. Besides treating his pneumonia, what's the next step in the management? | CT scan of chest (recurrent pneumonia in the same spot is a red flag for CA or bronchial obstruction)
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| What's the underlying cause of neonatal repiratory distress syndrome? | surfactant def.
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| What anatomic structures in the GI tract are highlighted by the following: barium swallow | esophagus, LES, stomach
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| What anatomic structures in the GI tract are highlighted by the following: gastric emptying study | stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum
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| What anatomic structures in the GI tract are highlighted by the following: small bowel follow through | stomach-->terminal ileum
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| What anatomic structures in the GI tract are highlighted by the following: barium enema | colon, appendix
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| What is the next step after H&P in the w/u of a pt complaining of dysphagia? | Barium swallow
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| A pt presents with dysphagia, and the barium swallow shows a corkscrew pattern of the esophagus. What is the diagnosis? | diffuse esophageal spasm
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| Another pt presents with dysphagia, and the barium swallow shows a "bird's beak" sign in the distal esophagus. What is the dx? | Achalasia
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| How does the treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm differ from that of achalasia? | DES is treated medially with nifedipine, nitrates, and TCAs. Achalasia needs intervention such as dilation, BOTOX, myotomy
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| What is the difference between Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave syndrome? | Mallory Weiss is a mucosal laceration(tear) in the distal esophagus. Boerhaave syndrome is a perforation or rupture in distal esophagus.
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| What is the mcc of achalasia in pts 25-60yrs? | idiopathic
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| What are some secondary causes of achalasia? | chagas dz, neoplasm, and scleroderma
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| Which esophageal disorder matches the description below: chest pain, uncoordinated contractions, corkscrew pattern on barium swallow | diffuse esophageal spasm
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| Which esophageal disorder matches the description below: inability to relax the LES, bird's beak on barium swallow | achalasi
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| Which esophageal disorder matches the description below: bad breath, regurgitation of food eaten days ago | zeneker diverticulum
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| Which type of esophageal cancer is most prevalent in the US? | Adenocarcinoma
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| Where is the following type of esophageal diverticula located: zeneker diverticulum | immediately above the upper esophageal sphincter
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| Where is the following type of esophageal diverticula located: traction diverticulum | near the midpoint of the esophagus
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| Where is the following type of esophageal diverticula located: epiphrenic diverticulum | immediately above the LES
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| Besides the sensation of "heart burn", what is a common sx of GERD? | persistent cough
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| What is Barrett esophagus, and why is it important? | Its squamous epithelium that has undergone columnar metaplasia. It can lead to adenocarcinoma.
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