Chapter 33 Reproductive System Vocab
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| albumin | egg white in an animal that lays eggs
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| anestrus | time when a female is not actively in the heat cycle
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| artifical insemination (AI) | the practice of breeding female animals through the use of veterinary equipment rather than the traditional mating methods
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| artifical vagina (AV) | sterile sleeve or tube used to collect the semen of an animal during the ejaculation process
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| bilateral cryptorchid | both testicles are retained and do not descend into the scrotum
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| castration | surgical removal of the testicles in male animals
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| cervix | end of the vagina that opens to the urethra
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| cloaca | external reproductive area where egg laying animals pass urine, feces, and eggs, also called the vent
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| conception | process of creating a new life that forms an embryo
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| contraction | first stage of labor when the fetus begins to move into the uterus to prepare for birth by moving into the birth canal
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| cooled semen | process of transporting and storing sperm for use within 24 hours-48 hours due to cool temperature
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| corpus luteum (CL) | knowns as the yellow body of the ovary, forms to allow an ovary to increase in size as an egg develops
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| diestrus | stage of the heat cycle when pregnancy occurs and is characterized by a functional CL that releases progesteron to maintain pregnancy
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| dystocia | difficult labor
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| embryo | cell that developes into a newborn life
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| epididymus | tube that transports sperm from the seminiferous vesicles to the vas deferens
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| estrogen | main female reproductive hormone that causes behavior changes in females during the estrus cycle and also allows follicle production and development to occur
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| estrus | the time when the female animal is receptive to breeding or mating with a male
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| estrus cycle | heat cycle in female animals when the female is receptive to mating with a male
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| fertilization | uniting of egg and sperm to allow an embryo to form
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| flagella | tail of sperm that allows movement
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| follicl | tiny structures within the ovary that enlarge with egg development and allow ovulation to occur
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| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone released to allow a follicle to grow and allow ovulation to occur
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| frozen semen | method of shipping and storing sperm in liquid nitrogen, may be frozen and stored for up to 40 years
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| genitalia | reproductive organs
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| genitals | reproductive organs
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| gestation | length of pregnancy
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| HORMONE | chemicals that are produced by the body that allow for sexual reproduction to occur in both males and females
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| incubation | the process of increased temperature to allow an embryo to grow
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| induced ovulation | occurence of the release of the egg at a time sperm is introduced when fertilization occurs at mating
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| infundibulum | funnel within the uterus where an egg developes in an egg laying animal
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| involution | the process of the uterus shrinking after labor
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| isthmus | shell membran of an animal that lays eggs
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| lordosis | exhibiting a prayer position where the front end of the body is lowered to the ground with the back end held high in the air
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| lutenizing hormone (LH) | allows an egg to develop and be released in the ovary during metestrus
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| masectomy | surgical removal of the mammary glands
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| metestrus | stage of the heat cycle following estrus when ovulation occurs
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| mouth brooder | fish that carry their eggs in their mouth for incubation to protect and allow hatching
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| ovarian cyst | small masses that develop on the ovary of an intact female animal, causing eggs not to develop and sterility
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| ovariohysterectomy (OHE) | term for a spay, surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus
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| ovary | the part of the uterine horn that allows egg development and is the primary female reproductive organ in egg growth
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| oviduct | smal tube on the end of the uterine horn that is tapered and holds the ovary
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| ovulation | the release of the egg from the ovary
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| ovum | egg yolk in an animal that lays eggs
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| parturition | the labor process
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| penis | the male external reproductive organ used in breeding and mating
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| placenta | tissue and membrane collection that connect from the fetus to the mother to allow nutrients to be absorbed during gestation
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| polyestrus | many heat cycles occur at regular intervals throughout the breeding season
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| prepuce | the skin that covers and protects the penis in male animals
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| proestrus | stage of the heat cycle before estrus that releases the progesterone hormone prior to mating
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| progesterone | hormone produced to maintain pregnancy
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| prolapse uterus | condition where the uterus and vaginal tissue separate from the body and allow the uterus body to be passed outside the body
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| pyometra | severe infection of the uterus in female intact animals that causes the uterus to fill w pus
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| reproductuve system | the organs in the body responsible for both male and female breeding and reproduction
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| scrotum | skin over the two testicles that protects and controls temperature for sperm production
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| semen | fluid that transports sperm during reproduction
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| semen collection | procedure using specialized veterinary equipment to collect sperm from male animals to be used in breeding practices
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| semen morphology | process of determining if sperm is adequate for transport and breeding by analyzing the quality and quantity
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| seminiferous vesicles | tubes located within the testicle that transports sperm to the testicles
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| septic | buildup of bacteria in the system causing a toxic effect when it gets into the bloodstream
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| sperm | male reproductive cell developed in the testicles
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| standing heat | the female animal will stand for breeding when a male is present
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| sterile | not able to reproduce
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| tail flagging | holding the tail high in the air during the estrus cycle
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| testicle | the primary reproductive organ in the male that holds sperm
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| testosterone | main male reproductive hormone that produces male characteristics and is essential for sperm production
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| unilateral cryptorchid | one retained testicle that has not descended into the scrotum
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| urethra | narrow tube that connects the male and female reproductice organs to the urinary system
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| uterine horn | two parts of the uterus that holds single or multiple embryos that expand as the embryos grow
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| utuers | large hollow reproductive organ that holds an embryo during the gestation period and is y shaped
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| vagina | internal female reproductive organ tht allows mating and labor to occur
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| vas deferens | small tube that transports sperm from the testicles to the outside of the body
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| vent | external area where eggs are laid in egg bearing animals, also called the cloaca
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| vulva | external beginning of the reproductive system in the female where urine is excreted
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| winking | movement of the vulva with frequent vagina ldischarge and urination
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