Photovoltaics
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| ___ is a solar energy technology that uses the unique properties of certain semi-conductors to directly convert solar radiation into electricity | Photovoltaics
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| The Vertical angle between horizontal and the array surrface | Array Tilt Angle
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| The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, based on wavelength | Electromagnetic Spectrum
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| A representation of the relative thickness of atmosphere that solar radiation must pass through to reach a point on earths surface | Air Mass (AM)
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| The Power of solar radiation per unit area | Solar IRRADIANCE
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| A plane by a due north-south longitude line through a location on earth and projected out into space | Meridian
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| Earth's orbital position when solar declination is zero | Equinox
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| A sensor that measures only direct solar radiation in the field of view of the solar disk | Pyrheliometer
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| ___ is solar energy technology that uses unique properties of certain semiconductors to directly convert solar radiation into electricity. | Photovoltaics
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| A solar energy collector that absorbs solar energy on a flat surface without concentrating it, & can utilize solar radiation that is reflected or scattered by clouds and other surfaces. | Flat- Plate Collector
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| A buisness that designs builds and installs complete PV systems for particular applications by matching components from various manufacturers | Integrator
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| A piece of equipment that consumes electricity | Load
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| Maximum annual solar energy gain on a fixed surface is achieved by abilities to the ___ | Lattitude
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| ___ generation is a system in which many smaller power generating system create electrical power near the point of consumption | Distributed
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| ___ is credited with discovering the power efect in 1839. | Edmund Becquerel
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| __-__ systems are the fastest grounding statement of the PV systems market. | Utility- Interactive
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| Solar__ is the angle between the equatorial plane and the rays of the sun | Declination
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| A ___ is a sensor that measures only direct solar radiation in the field of view of the solar disk. | Pyrheliometer
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| Solar thermal energy systems connect __ into heat energy | Solar Radiation
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| __ is the energy that expands outward from a source in the form of waves or particles. | Radiation
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| Solar __ is the intensity of solar power | Irradiance
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| __ is the solar energy that reaches earths surface over the course of a day. | Insolation
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| The 2 major types of radiation reaches the ground are direct and ___ radiation | Diffuse
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| The __ law is a physical law that states that the ammount of radiation is proportional to the inverse of the square of the distance from the source. | Inverse Square Law
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| ___ is also known as top-of-atmosphere (TOA) Radiation | Extraterrestrial
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| Makes a system smaller and less expensive | Energy Conservation
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| Energy loss due to shading on a thermal panel | Proportionate
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| Energy loss due to shading on a pv panel | Disproportionate
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| Changes DC to AC | Inverter
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| Utility Interactive PV system | simplest and least expensive to produce
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| Uses Hydrogen and Oxygen to produce DC electricity | Fuel Cell
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| Single device using photons to produce DC power | Module
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| Stand alone system with no batteries and no controller | Direct Coupled
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| All loads in a typical home | AC Loads
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| Produce electricity from the flow and pressure of water ( A Dam) | Micro Hydroelectric Turbine
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| Regulates battert charging protecting the battery from over-charging and over- discharging | Charge Controller
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| Multiple device connected together in a series or parallel which use photons to produce DC Power | Array
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| Continually adjusts the load under changing temperature and irradiance for ___ | MPPT
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| Combusts fossil fuels to turn a crankshaft which turns a generator to produce electricity | Engine Generator
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| Batteries, Fly Wheels, Super Capaciter | 3 storage devices
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| Maximum votage for a PV device under infinate load( No Current output) | Open Circuit Current
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| The highest efficiency for a module at a given irradiance and temperature | Max Power Point
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| Temperature affects what? | Affects a modules current
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| __ Prevents reversed biased flow | Bypass Diode
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| Alike Current Output | Series connected modules
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| Maximum current for a PV device under no load (No voltage output) | Short Circuit Current
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| When connecting 2 or more series together | Parallel Connected modules
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| What are PV cells made of? | Semi-conductors usually Silicon
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| Sollar Irradiance affects what in a module | affects Current
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| Open circuit Voltage and short circuit current | Relationship on an I-V Curve
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| __ Can fix stratification and Sulfation | Equalizing Charge
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| Fast charge about80- 90 percent capacity | Bulk Charge
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| Decomposition of water into Hydrogen and oxygen | Gassing
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| How long a system can run on batteries without further charging ( Usually in days) | Autonomy
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| (Trickle) it keeps battery at 100 percent capacity | Float charge
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| Conducting Medium which transfers ions between battery cell plates | Electrolytes
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| Traction | Best VP Battery
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| SLI ( Automotive) | Worst PV Battery
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| Percent discharge without hurting a battery ( 80% in deep cycle traction batteries) | Allowable depth of discharge
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| The energy storage potential of a battery expressed in Ampere Hours (AH) | Capacity
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| Slow Charge (1-3) hours of about 10%- 15% capacity | Absorbtion Charge
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| Percentage of withdrawn energy in a battery compared to fully charged | Depth of Discharge
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| Ventilation of Hydrogen | Most important feature of a battery enclosure
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| Lowers the energy for that charge cycle | Fast Discharge
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| CC gives system information through LEDs and/or digital display | Status Information
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| what to locate the charge controller next to if the temp. compensation is in the controller | Battery Bank
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| CC protects system or loads from high current or bad wiring. | Circuit Protection
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| CC gives system information through LEDs and/or digital display | Status Information
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| what to locate the charge controller next to if the temp. compensation is in the controller | Battery Bank
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| CC protects system or loads from high current or bad wiring. | Circuit Protection
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| The battery voltage levels at which a cc performs regulation or switching to the limit the charge or loads | Charge controller set points
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| Changes resistance or input voltage of the array for a range of conditions to get MPP | MPPT Charge Controller
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| CC interupts or limits the current flow to the battery | Over charge protection
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| Keeps a battery fully charged when cold and not overcharged when hot | Temperature compensation
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| Operation in parallel with grid | Utility interactive inverter
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| CC activates or disconnects loads based on set conditions | Advanced load control
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| sophisticated feature does an AC module have that a charge controller has | MPPT
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| Changes resistance or input voltage of the array for a range of conditions to get MPP | MPPT Charge Controller
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| CC disconnects the load when battery is at low voltage | Over Discharge Protection
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| Operation in parallel with grid | Utility interactive inverter
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| sophisticated feature does an AC module have that a charge controller has | MPPT
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| Connect to batteries, independant of array and grid | Stand alone Inverter
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| 90%- 95% | Iteractive inverter efficiency rating
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| interactive or stand alone mode ( not at the same time) | Bimodal inverter
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| 75%- 90% | Stand alone inverter efficiency rating
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| Wave form required for AC loads | Sine Wave
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| Replaces DC junction box, less components- easier design and install, interactive only. could cost more.. | AC module Inverter
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| t700 w for small residential to over 500 kw for a large commercial and utility | Power ranges for interactive inverters
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| __ Volts is the Max output-circuit voltage for 1 and 2 family homes? | 600 Volts
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| ___ ___ __ is used to calculate max pv output voltage per NEC? | Temperature Correction Factor
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| ___% is used to determine maximum pv circuit current | 125% (1.25)
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| What 2 places can you look for temperature correction factors when calculating open circuit voltage from an array? | Module manufacturer specifications or NEC 690.7
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| For battery systems max inverter current can exceed nominal ratings under what condition? | When the highest input current is matched with the lowest inverter orerating voltage.
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| What system do we use to give wire (conductor) size? | American Wire Guage (AWG).. larger numbers is smaller wire (Vice Versa)
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| What is Ampacity? | The current a wire can carry without exceeding it's temp. rating (ability)(Ampacity is affected by temp, current, and AWG)
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| What is derating? | Reduces a wires rated ability (ampacity)
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| What does temperature do to a wires ampacity? | Temp. reduces (derates) a wires rated ability (ampacity)
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| What should be done when there are more than 3 wires in a conduit longer than 24 inches? | Further reduce (derate) the wires rated aility (ampacity)
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| What is an acceptable voltage drop? | 3% (not required)
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| What 3 prp[erties define wire insulation? | Temp, Enviorment, & Location
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| What type of wire is used for battery connections? | Finely stranded for flexibility.
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| What current carrying connection does not need to be made within a junction box? | Module to Module connections
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| What is a pv combiner box used for? | a parallel connection point for 2 or more array circuits.
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| What does a Blocking Diode do? | Prevents reversed flow from batteries to the array.
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| What type of conduit should be used for DC when inside a building? | Metal Conduit (EMT, RMC, IMC)
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| What over current devices are used in PV? | Fuses and Circuit Breakers
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| What over current device rating is required for PV circuits? | 125% (1.25)
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| When can a Back-Fed circuit breaker be used for a given device? | Any device marked as suitable (rated) Any device not marked Line or Load (NEC 690.10 E)
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| What device can be used for a disconnect? | A switch or a circuit breaker.
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| What should you be aware of when switching off an AC disconnect? | The inverter will be off, but the rest of the DC side could still be energized
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| Where should you locate the AC disconnect for an interactive PV system? | Near the main utility panel and service disconnect.
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| What does Grounding do? | To provide a path for a fault currents to protect people and equipment.
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| What is a Grounding Electrode? | A conductive rod, plate or wire burried in the ground for grounding.
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| What parts of a PV system are typically grounded? | AC, DC & Array
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| What is a ground fault? | An undesireable condition of current flowing through the grounding conductors.
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| What device protects PV arrays from ground fault? | Ground Fault Detect & Interrupt (GFDI)
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| What types of connectors are used to ground an ,array? | Stainless steel connector, a copper plated lug screw on a bare copper wire.
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| When do you know not have enough to ground an arraycircuit( Source of Output)? | under certain conditions as specified in the (NEC 690.35)
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| What part of the world typically does not ground array circuits ( source & output)? | Europe
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| What safety device can be installed to protect PV systems? | Lightning protection & Surge Arrestors.
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| PV battery system requirements are found in which code? | NEC 690
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