Instrumentation and Quality Assurance
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| In mammography, selecting extremely low kVp values | increases contrast but increases patient dose
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| What target-filtration combination provides the best penetration for dense or thick breast? | rhodium target with rhodium filtration
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| The material used for the exit port of the mammography tube is necessary because | Regular glass would harden the emerging beam.
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| The intensity of the x-ray beam from the cathode side of the tube is generally higher because | The heel effect causes variation in the intensity of the x-ray beam.
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| The design of the lip of the compression paddle (both height and angle along the chest wall) affects all of the following | -prevents the posterior and axillary fat from overlapping the body of the breast
-allows uniform compression of the posterior breast tissue
-helps to increase structural strength of the compression paddle
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| The primary goal of compression is to | allow uniform penetration of structures within the breast.
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| AEC failure, resulting in an underexposed radiograph, can be caused by | improper placement of the dense breast tissue/size over the detector
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| Most AEC circuitry in modern mammographic imaging has at least three detectors. Three or more detectors are recommended because | Multiple detectors allow for maximum variations in breast size and tissue density.
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| The major difference between the general radiography grid and the grid used in mammography is that the | grids used in general radiography have higher ratios
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| As the size of the x-ray field decreases, to maintain a constant image density the exposure will | increase
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| The chest wall edge of the compression paddle should be aligned just beyond the chest wall edge of the IR to | avoid projecting the chest wall edge of the paddle on the mammogram.
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| Which of the following affects focal spot size? | angle of the anode
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| In mammography, the commonly used focal spot size for routine work is | 0.3 mm
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| Which of the following characteristics are unique to mammography cassettes? | generally have a single intensifying screen.
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| Two main disadvantages of extended processing are | increased processing artifact and increased film fog
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| In digital mammography, both the film and cassette can be replaced by | a detector and electronic system
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| The greatest difference between digital technology and conventional mammography imaging is | In digital technology, the final image can be manipulated
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| All of the following are characteristics of double emulsion film/screens combination. Which characteristic makes these systems undesirable in mammography use? | The system has a lower spatial resolution than the single emulsion systems.
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| Film fog is best demonstrated on the characteristic curve as | the toe of the graph
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| The characteristic curve, obtained by plotting density values from a sensitometer, can be used to assess all of the following exvept: | to compare the x-ray beam quality with different films
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| The characteristic curve of two films is plotted.The curve of film A is positioned to the left of the curve of film B. | -film A is faster than film B
-at any optical density, film A will require less exposure than film B
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| Which of the following mammographic quality control tests is performed monthly? | visual checklist
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| Adequate "air bleed time" refers to the | elapsed time between film loading and exposure
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| Which of the following quality control tests does not require a densitometer? | screen cleanliness
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| The criteria to pass the ACR Mammography Accreditation on conventional phantom imaging require a minimum of ___ masses. | three
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| In establishing processing quality control operating levels, the speed index is designated as the density | closest to but not less than 1.20
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| For the daily quality control testing, the base-plus-fog level should remain within | +0.03 of the established levels
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| The screen-cleaning test should be carried out whenever | a mammographer notices dust artifacts on the image
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| Before processing the sensitometric strip each day, the mammographer should | check the developer temperature
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| The phantom image background optical density should never be | less than 1.20
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| In the darkroom fog test, the optical density difference between fogged and unfogged areas of the film should not exceed | 0.05
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| In viewing phantom image, which of the following viewing conditions need not apply? | using the same film emulsion batch
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| In the test for screen contact there were multiple points of small areas (<1 cm in diameter) of poor contact. The corrective action is to | return the cassette to clinical use
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| One of the two reasons towels are used in the compression test is to | protect the cassette holder
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| For the repeat analysis to be meaningful, a patient volume of at least ___ patients is needed. | 250
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| Daily processing control can involve all of the following except | using the sensitometer to measure the densities on the strip
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| Proving that a darkroom fog failure is a result of safelight problems involves | repeating the test with the safelights off
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| The darkroom fog test is performed | semiannually
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| Daily processor control is used to | -determine the film speed
-check the film contrast
-check the stability of the processor
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| If, after examining a phantom image, the number of visualized fibers of masses has changed significantly, the next step is to | check the mammography unit or the image processor
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| Repeated films are | films that involve exposure to the patient
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| If the patient volume at a mammography site is 200 patients per week, the repeat/reject analysis should be done every | 3 months
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| All the fluorescent tubes in the mammography view box should be replaced at the same time because | Fluorescent tubes decrease in brightness with age
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| In imaging the phantom, the technical factors used should be the same as those used clinically for a __-cm-thick breast of medium glandularity. | 4.0-4.5
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| Mammography facilities can receive certification from | -the FDA
-an SAC state
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| An MQSA certificate is issued when a mammography facility has been accredited. This certification is valued for | 3 years
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| If any of the visual checks fail, the first step is to | correct or replace the item
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| Digital images can be viewed on a computer monitor or printed using | dry laser technology
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| Hardcopy viewing of the digital imaging describes | the image that is sent for interpretation
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| The grid ratio can vary in modern mammography units. A common grid ratio used is | 4:1
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