Methods for studying Microorganisms
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| The 5 "i's" of Culturing Microbes | Inoculation, Observable growth, Isolation, Incubation, Inspection, Identification
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| introduction of a sample into a container of media to produce a culture | Inoculation
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| separating one species from another | Isolation
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| Incubation | under conditions that allow growth
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| A colony consists of one | species
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| If an individual bacterial cell is separated from other cells and has space on a nutrient surface, it will grow into a mound of cells called a | colony
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| Isolation techniques include | streak plate technique, pour plate technique, spread plate technique
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| Media can be classified according to three | 1.Physical state (liquid, semisolid and solid),2. chemically defined (synthetic) and complex (nonsynthetic) 3. Functional type- enriched, anaerobic, assay, selective, differential, transport, enumeration, general purpose
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| Physical States of Media | 1. Liquid i.e. broth; 2. Semisolid i.e. agar or gelatin 3. Solid (colony formation contains solidifying agent)
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| Broth | Liquid media, does not solidify
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| Semisolid media contains solidifying agent | agar or gelatin
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| Semisolid is this consistency | clot-like
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| Solid media contains solidifying agent and is | liquefiable and nonliquifiable
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| Most commonly used solidifying agent is | agar
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| A complex polysaccharide isolated from red algae | agar
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| not digestible for most microbes | agar
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| provides framework to hold moisture and nutrients,and is solid at room temp, liquefies at boiling (100C), does not resolidify until it cools to 42degreesC | agar
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| nutrient broth | liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone
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| synthetic media | contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula
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| Complex or nonsynthetic media | contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable
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| grows a broad range of microbes, usually nonsynthetic | General purpose media
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| Enriched media contains | complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes
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| contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes | Selective media
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| allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among desired and undesired microbes | Differential media
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| two miscellaneous media | Reducing medium, (anaerobic bacteria growth); and Carbohydrate fermentation medium (pH indicator to show the reaction as a basis for identifying bacteria and fungi)
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| Incubation = temperature-controlled chamber at appropriate temperature and atmosphere | -microbe multiplies and produces macroscopically observable growth
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| Inspection = observation; macroscopic and microscopic | Pure culture, mixed cultures, contaminated culture
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| Pure culture | grows only single known species of microorganisms
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| Mixed cultures | hold two or more identified species or microorganisms
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| Contaminated culture | once pure or mixed culture that has unwanted microbes growing
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| Identification involves | macroscopic and microscopic appearance, biochemical tests, genetic characteristics, immunological testing
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| Potentially hazardous cultures and specimens are usually disposed of in two ways: | steam sterilization and incineration
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