Research Methods: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
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| show | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.) (p. 20)
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| critical thinking | show 🗑
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| show | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. (p. 25)
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| hypothesis | show 🗑
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| operational definition | show 🗑
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| replication | show 🗑
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| show | an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. (p. 26)
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| survey | show 🗑
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| show | all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. (Note - Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country’s whole population.) (p. 28)
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| random sample | show 🗑
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| naturalistic observation | show 🗑
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| correlation | show 🗑
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| show | a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from −1 to +1). (p. 29)
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| show | a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship bet the 2 vars. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation. (p. 29)
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| illusory correlation | show 🗑
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| show | a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (ind vars) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dep. var.). By random assignment of parts, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors. (p. 34)
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| random assignment | show 🗑
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| show | an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. (p. 35)
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| show | [pluh-SEE-bo; Latin for “I shall please”] effect experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. (p. 35)
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| show | in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. (p. 35)
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| show | in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. (p. 35)
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| show | the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. (p. 35)
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| show | a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment. (p. 35)
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| show | the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. (p. 35)
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| show | the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. (p. 37)
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| mean | show 🗑
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| median | show 🗑
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| show | the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. (p. 39)
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| standard deviation | show 🗑
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| normal curve | show 🗑
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| show | a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. (p. 41)
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| culture | show 🗑
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| informed consent | show 🗑
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| debriefing | show 🗑
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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