Research Methods: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| hindsight bias | show 🗑
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| show | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. (p. 24)
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| theory | show 🗑
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| hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. (p. 26)
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| replication | show 🗑
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| case study | show 🗑
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| show | a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. (p. 27)
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| show | all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. (Note - Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country’s whole population.) (p. 28)
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| random sample | show 🗑
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| naturalistic observation | show 🗑
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| correlation | show 🗑
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| show | a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from −1 to +1). (p. 29)
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| show | a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship bet the 2 vars. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation. (p. 29)
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| illusory correlation | show 🗑
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| experiment | show 🗑
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| show | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. (p. 34)
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| double-blind procedure | show 🗑
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| show | [pluh-SEE-bo; Latin for “I shall please”] effect experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. (p. 35)
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| show | in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. (p. 35)
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| control group | show 🗑
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| independent variable | show 🗑
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| confounding variable | show 🗑
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| show | the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. (p. 35)
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| show | the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. (p. 37)
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| show | the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. (p. 38)
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| show | the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it. (p. 38)
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| range | show 🗑
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| standard deviation | show 🗑
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| normal curve | show 🗑
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| show | a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. (p. 41)
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| show | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. (pp. 43, 661)
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| informed consent | show 🗑
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| show | the postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants. (p. 45)
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