liver phys 557
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How much does the liver weigh? | 3lb
🗑
|
||||
| What is the functional unit of the liver? | the liver lobule
🗑
|
||||
| How much of the CO does the liver represent? | 27%
🗑
|
||||
| The liver is a _____ flow, _____ pressure system. | high , low
🗑
|
||||
| What disease process causes an increase in pressure to fibrotic deposition around blood vessels and in the spaces of Disse? | cirrhosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is non-steatohepatitis associated with? | Type II DM and obesity
🗑
|
||||
| What is caused by transudation of fluid from the liver into the abdominal cavity? | ascites
🗑
|
||||
| What are high portal pressures caused by? | fibrotic deposition
🗑
|
||||
| Under normal conditions, how much blood is stored in the liver? | 450ml
🗑
|
||||
| With an increase in what, the liver is capable of sequestering 500-1000ml beyond normal limits? | right atrial pressure
🗑
|
||||
| In the absence of infection, fibrosis, or inflammation, what is possible? | regeneration
🗑
|
||||
| Liver cells do not over-proliferate. T/F | T
🗑
|
||||
| What plays a role in the division and growth of cells? | Hepatocyte growth factor
🗑
|
||||
| What is HGF produced by? | mesenchymal cells of the liver and some other tissues
🗑
|
||||
| HGF is not produced by the __________, but the hepatocytes demonstrate a mitogenic response after HGF stimulation. | hepatocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Following complete liver regeneration, what is released by hepatic cells? | cytokine
🗑
|
||||
| What is a potent inhibitor of liver growth? | transforming growth factor
🗑
|
||||
| In healthy states, a liver to body weight ratio is maintained. T/F | T
🗑
|
||||
| What cells are responsible for clearing intestinal bacteria from the portal vein? | kupffer
🗑
|
||||
| Less than __% of the enteric microbes pass the Kupffer cell entry system. | 1
🗑
|
||||
| The liver metabolizes what? | Carbs
🗑
|
||||
| The liver stores what? | glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| The liver converts galactose and fructose to what? | glucose
🗑
|
||||
| This is the process of glucose formation from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate. | Gluconeogenesis
🗑
|
||||
| How is excess glucose stored in the liver? | as glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogen is liberated when what falls? | blood glucose levels
🗑
|
||||
| Patients with liver disease experience large fluctuations in blood glucose levels. T/F | T
🗑
|
||||
| What two things are liberated from triglycerides and converted to glucose? | Amino acids and glycerol
🗑
|
||||
| The liver ________ fatty acids to meet energy requirements. | oxidizes
🗑
|
||||
| The liver _________ cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. | synthesizes
🗑
|
||||
| What splits lipids into glycerol and fatty acids to form acetyl CoA? | beta oxidation
🗑
|
||||
| Acetyl CoA is converted to ________-_______ acid, which is a highly soluble acid used in the liver as energy. | aceto-acetic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Aceto acetic acid is again converted in other bodily tissues to _________ ___ for energy. | Acetyl CoA
🗑
|
||||
| 80% of the cholesterol synthesized in the liver is converted to what? | bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| The remaining 20% of cholesterol is transported in __________ and utilized to form membranes, cellular structures, and a multitude of physiologic active substrates. | lipoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| Deamination of ________ ________ occurs in the liver so they can be used as an energy source for converting fats or carbs. | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| The liver forms urea and removes what? | ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| The liver can form up to ____ grams of protein per day. | 50
🗑
|
||||
| To a small extent, the _____ also participate in the deamination of amino acids. | kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| What vitamins are stored in large amount in the liver? | A,D, and B12
🗑
|
||||
| Iron stored as _____ in combination with _______ binds and stores excess iron until needed. | ferritin and apoferritin
🗑
|
||||
| What coag factors are manufactured by the liver? | fibrinogen, Prothrombin (FII), accelerator globulin, Factor VII, Vit K
🗑
|
||||
| What are the vit K dependent factors? | 2, 9, 10, 12
🗑
|
||||
| What drugs are excreted by the liver? | PCN, Amp, and sulfonamides
🗑
|
||||
| What hormones are associated with the liver? | thyroxine, estrogens, cortisol, and aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Excess of this electrolyte is excreted in the bile for elimination via feces? | calcium
🗑
|
||||
| What is the end product of hemoglobin degradation? | bilirubin
🗑
|
||||
| What is the lifespan of the red blood cell? | 120 days
🗑
|
||||
| Lysis via the reticuloendothelial system of the _____ liberates homoglobin. | spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Once unconjugated albumin bound bilirubin enters the liver cells is released from the plasma albumin and is conjugated with glucuronic acid, what is it now called? | conjugated hemoglobin or direct hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Conjugated bilirubin is excreted from _________ by active transport into the bile canaliculi for excretion into the _____________. | hepatocytes, intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Conjugated bilirubin is converted by bacteria in the gut to highly soluble ______________. | urobilinogen
🗑
|
||||
| What is a normal bilirubin level? | 0.5mg/dl
🗑
|
||||
| What occurs when levels exceed three times normal or 1.5 mg/dl? | jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| What overwhelms the capacity of the liver, is a marked increase in free or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, and a marked increase in urobilinogen in the gut which is excreted in the urine? | hemolytic jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| What is caused by gallstones, cancerous tumor, hepatitis, destruction of bile ducts, bilirubin cannot pass from the blood to the intestine, and conjugation continues to occur? | obstructive jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| With obstructive jaundice, conjugated bilirubin leaves the liver via what system? | lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Usually conjugated bilirubin leaves the liver via the _________ and sphincter of Odi. | gallbladder
🗑
|
||||
| In hemolytic jaundice, what is elevated? | unconjugated bilirubin
🗑
|
||||
| In obstructive jaundice, what is elevated? | conjugated bilirubin
🗑
|
||||
| What reaction is utilized to differentiate between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin? | van den bergh
🗑
|
||||
| With this type of jaundice there is no urobilinogen that is reabsorbed in the blood that can be excreted into the kidneys. | total obstructive jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| Total obstructive jaundice also results in a lack of what? | stercobilin
🗑
|
||||
| In ___________ obstruction jaundice, conjugated bilirubin does appear in the urine. | partial
🗑
|
||||
| In its original form, __________ is fat soluble, not water soluble. | bilirubin
🗑
|
||||
| What modifies bilirubin as it arrives at the liver, and converts it to a water soluble compound? | glucuronyl transferase
🗑
|
||||
| The process of converting bilirubin to a water soluble form is called _______ ____________ because one of the steps involved is the attachment of bilirubin to another molecule. | bilirubin conjugation
🗑
|
||||
| This is not a disease, but a sign of a disease. | Jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| Unconjugated bilirubin, accumulates in fatty tissues, most notably the _______, where we would notice yellow pigment. | skin
🗑
|
||||
| Most bilirubin is produced by RBC breakdown in the __________. | spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Conjugated bilirubin does not readily cross the _____. | BBB
🗑
|
||||
| ________________ bilirubin does cross the BBB. | unconjugated
🗑
|
||||
| What 4 possible problems could cause jaundice? | 1. increased RBC breakdown 2. Failure of hepatocyte conjugation 3. failure of hepatocyte excretion of conjugated bilirubin into the bile canaliculi 4. extra hepatic obstruction (gallstones)
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to cause an increase in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? | 1. increase in bilirubin production, 2. decreased hepatic uptake of bili by hepatocytes 3. decreased conjugation of the bili
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Jmw015
Popular Nursing sets