Science Final
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| PLANTS FOR FOOD AND FIBRE! | PLANTS FOR FOOD AND FIBRE
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| How do plants use and produce during reparation? | They use what we breath out (carbon dioxide) and produce what we breath in (oxygen)
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| What are the parts of a stem and what are there uses? | Heartwood: support the tree- Xylem: carries water and minerals up the tree- Cambium: Makes xylem and phloem cells- Phloem: carries food up the tree- Bark: protective outer layer
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| What are the parts of a leaf and there function? | The leaves veins spread nutrients and the chlorophyll helps to make the leaf green. The stem attaches itself to what ever plant the leaf is on
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| Explain photosynthesis. | Photosynthesis is the cycle of how plants make there own food. Energy from the sun is taken by a leaf and the energy makes glucose, a sugar that plants eat as food. as this process happens, the plant takes in carbon dioxide and gives off oxygen
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| Give 3 examples of a-sexual ways to reproduce flowers | Runners: stem that grow outwards toward the ground and buds on them create new plants
Rhizomes: underground stem that continues growing outwards. flowers grow upward from them
Layering: a droopy stem touches the earth and roots form, making a new plant
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| What is a way of seeds being stored? | Fruit protecting them
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| What is the process of seed germination? | When a seed comes in contact with soil and is covered with it, it stays dormant until the right conditions. When the seed is developing into a new plant, that is the process of germination
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| What are the 2 types of roots? | Tap root and fibrous
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| What causes soil erosion? | Loss of organic matter in the soil. By not growing crops some summer too exposes the soil to sun light, high temps, and wind.
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| What are the layers of soil? | First Layer: Hummus
Second Layer: Topsoil
Third Layer: Eluviation Layer
Fourth Layer: Sub Soil
Fifth Layer: Regolith
Sixth Layer: Bedrock
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| What is organic food? | Food that is grown without chemicals fertilizers and pesticides.
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| What is something affecting agriculture? | Droughts and erosion make decertification. a process where deserts are taking over land that was once used for farming.
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| INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS. | INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS
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| What is ecology? What is an ecologist? | Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and there environment. and ecologists studies these interactions
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| What is symbiosis? | When 2 species live closely together in a relationship that lasts over a long time
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| What are the 3 types of symbiosis? explain each | Mutualism: When both organisms benefit in the relationship
Parasitism: When one organism benefits and one is harmed
Commensalism: When one organism benefits and one is not affected
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| How can some human activities have some bad affects | Well, for example, lets say you have a pest problem and you use a pesticide. that pesticide could also kill good organisms and make the situation worse
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| What is one way to decrease our impact on the environment? | We can try to focus on our needs rather then just focus on our wants
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| Explain the 3 R's | Reduce: reduce the amount of waste that you produce
Reuse: Reuse things that are able to be reuse in some way shape or form
Recycle: recycle what is waste to crete something new
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| What does biotic and abiotic mean? Examples | Biotic: Living (animals, plants, microbes)
Abiotic: non living (climate, land forms, soil)
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| when an organism has a role(s) what is it called? why is it important to know about this? | a niche. it is important to know about because then we know why organisms interact the way they do
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| What is primary succession? | The gradual growth of organisms in an area that was previously bare
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| What is secondary succession? | The gradual growth of organisms in an area that has had a disturbance such as a fire
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| why is biodiversity important in an ecosystem? | because it helps keep the ecosystem productive with the variety of species
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| What is habitat and ecosystem? How are they related? | Habitat is a place where living organisms live and ecosystem is the main concept of interaction. Habitats are found in ecosystem
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| What is bioaccumulation? | when pollutants move from level to level in a food chain. the organism at the top of the food chain is affected the most
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| What is Physical monitoring? | When satellites are used to monitor the changes in landscapes
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| What is environmental monitoring? | Monitoring changes in climate, temperature, and whether patterns
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| What is chemical monitoring? | Monitoring the quality of air, soil and water
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| What is biological monitoring? | Monitors changes in organisms or the change of population in organisms.
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| Define diffusion. | is the tendancy of particles in a gas or liquid to become evenly distributed by moving from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration. The particles continue to spread out until they are evenly distributed within the enclosed area.
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| Define osmosis | is a particular type of diffusion in which only some of the particles are allowed to pass through a barrier. This barrier is called a differentially permeable membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane.
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| HEAT AND TEMPERATURE | HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
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| How do you calibrate a thermometer? | Assign 0 degrees to the point were ice melts and 100 degrees to were water boils all at sea level
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| What is a bimetallic strip? How is it used? | When 2 different metals are fused together to make a coil. when heat is applied, one will expand faster than the other and will cause the coil to loosen or tighten. it can be used to turn on something like a switch
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| Give 4 examples of thermal energy. | open fires, modern stoves, igloo and solar heating
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| what is the particle theory? | -all matter is made up of tiny particles
-there are spaces between particles
- particles are always in motion
-there are attractive forces between particles
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| what is heat? | form of energy in moving particles of matter
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| What is the difference between gas, liquid and solid? | Solid: particles close together and vibrating
liquid: particles a little spread out than solid and move past eachother
gas: particles move around like crazy and are not close together
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| What is specific heat capacity and heat capacity? | Heat capacity: the amount of thermal energy that warms or cools an object by 1 degree Celsius
Specific heat capacity: the amount of thermal energy that warms or cools 1 gram of a specific type of particle by 1 degree Celsius
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| Explain what a thermocouple is. | Two wires of different metals are twisted together. When heat is applied to one end an electric current is produced. (the amount of current depends on the temperature and the type of wires) This current can turn on and off a switch or valve.
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| what are heat conductors? | glass and wood are good heat conductors because they slow down conduction
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| What are 3 ways that energy is transferred? | Radiation: When energy is transferred and particles aren't needed(sun)
Conduction: when energy is transferred easily from one particle to another when they are close together. this happens mostly with solids
convection: energy transferred in circular wa
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| How are convection currents created? | they are created when the warmer particles move upward. while they are up, they cool down and sink down to the bottom where they warm up again and they rise. (CYCLE)
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| what is geothermal energy? Give 2 example. | energy that comes from the interior of the Earth. Volcanoes and hot springs
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| How are green house gases and global warming linked? | When harmful chemicals are emitted into the air, they create a green house effect and block all the earths heat on the earth. hence "GLOBAL WARMING"
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| what are the different types of energy? | chemical, electrical, mechanical, geothermal, solar, wind and fossil fuels.
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| What is the difference between active and passive solar heating? | Active: uses mechanical devices to collect and distribute the thermal energy
Passive: uses the materials in the structure to absorb, store and release the solar energy
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| STRUCTURES AND FORCES | STRUCTURES AND FORCES
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| What do all structures have in common? | They all have a definite size and shape and have resistant forces to make sure nothing happens to them that could damage them
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| What are the 3 types of structures? | Frame, mass and shell
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| What is the difference between mobile and rigid joints? | Mobile joints allow movement and rigid joints don't.
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| What is the difference between mass and weight. | Mass the the amount of matter in something. weigh is the amount of force put down on something due to gravity.
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| what is the relationship between newton and kilograms | one kilogram is equal to 10 newtons
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| what is the difference between a live load and a dead load? | a dead load is a fixed load that isn't going to leave a structure and a live load is a temporary load.
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| What is the force of friction? | force of friction resists movement between two surfaces that rub together
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| PLANET EARTH! | PLANET EARTH!
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| how do you identify minerals? | Lustre: shinyness
colour
Streak: colour of powder
cleavage: fracture
transparency
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| what are the 3 types of rocks? | igneous: formed when hot magma cools and solidifies
sedimentary: when sediments are compacted and cemented together with great pressure and time
metamorphic: when a parent rock turns into another rock due to an amount of pressure and heat
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| How are rocks classified? | appearance and the minerals that can be seen in the rock
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| What is mechanical weathering? | Mechanical: the physical break-up or disintegration of rocks, caused by gravity, temperature change and frost wedging
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| what is chemical weathering? | chemicals, present in the earths surface or atmosphere, can be dissolved in water and react in the chemical decomposition of rocks and minerals
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| what is biological weathering? | when living organisms break down the rock
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| What are the layers of the earth? | the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core
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| where do trenches, basins, and ridges occur? | subduction zones
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| what is the theory of plate tectonics ? | that all land is broken up into plates that are moving on the mantle
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| what happens when plates collide? | they either create mountains or earthquakes
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| where is the energy releases from an earthquake | from the source of the earthquake
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| what is the most active volcano in the world? | Kilauea in Hawaii
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| How are fossils made? | when an animal dies, it can either be put under a lot of pressure and its body shape is imprinted on a rock or it can be made into a cast so that the body shape is shown in a cast form. also petrified bones can be fossils too.
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