Heredity
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| Heredity | The passing down of traits from parents to offspring.
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| Allele | The differnent forms a gene may have for a trait.
Dominant or recessive.
B or b
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| Genetics | The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles.
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| Dominant | The form of a trait that appears to dominate or mask anouther form of the same trait.
B, T, P.
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| Recessive | The form of a trait that seems to disappear in a population but can reappear depending on the way the alleles combine.
Hidden by dominant allele.
b, t, p.
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| Punnett Square | Tool used to predict traits.
Shows you ways which alleles combine.
Dominant and recessive represented with letters.
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| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism for a specific trait.
Always written in letters.
BB, Bb, bb.
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| Homozygous | An organism with 2 alleles for a trait that are exactly the same.
BB, tt.
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| Heterozygous | An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait.
Tt, Bb.
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| Phenotype | Physical trait that shows as a result of a particuar genotype.
Brown hair, blue eyes.
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| Pure Recessive | An organism that has 2 recessive alleles for a particular trait.
Same as homozygous recessive.
tt, bb.
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| Pure Dominant | An organism that has 2 dominant alleles for a particular trait.
Same as homozygous dominant.
TT, BB.
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| Multiple Alleles | When more than 2 alleles control a trait.
Blood types.
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| Polygenic Inheritance | Occurs when a group of gene pairs act together to produce a single trait.
Height, shades of blue eyes, skin color.
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| X and Y Chromosomes | XX = female / XY = male
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| Incomplete Dominance | The production of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of the 2 homozygous parents.
Both alleles are equal in strength.
3 phenotypes for each genotype.
Curly, wavy, straight hair/long, medium, short nose.
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| Universal Donor | Type O.
Anyone can recieve Type O blood.
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| Universal Recipient | Type AB.
Anyone with Type AB blood can recieve any type of blood.
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| Purebred | Both genes are the same.
Homozygous.
FF, bb, TT.
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| Hybrid | Carry 2 types of genes.
Heterozygous.
Bb, Tt.
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| Sickle-cell Anemia | Recessive Genetic Disorder.
Red blood cells are the wrong shape.
Inherited when both parents carry affected allele.
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| Cystic Fibrosis | Recessive Genetic Disorder.
Thick mucus buildup.
Inherited when both parents are carriers.
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| Sex-Linked Disorder/X-Linked Disorder | Inherited an allele on the X chromosome that is affected with disorder.
Colorblindness, Hemophilia.
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| Colorblindness | Sex-Linked Disorder.
Prevents someone from seeing red and green.
More common in males-only have 1 X chromosome (no backup).
X^c Y / X^c X
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| Recessive Genetic Disorder | A gene under goes a mutation that results in an unwanted trait.
Must inherit 2 affected alleles.
Shows dominance.
Bb, BB, bb.
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| Hemophilia | Sex-Linked Disorder.
Blood does not clot properly.
X^h Y / X X^h
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| Carrier | Carries a disorder but is not affected by it.
Dominant allele overpowers.
Can pass disorder on to offspring.
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