Mix and Flow of Matter 3.0 AND 4.0
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| What is a Hydraulic System? | A hydraulic system is a system that uses fluids under pressure to move loads.
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| What does WHMIS stand for? | Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. Go to PG.10 of your textbook and study WHMIS signs
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| What is a Fluid? | A fluid is anything that has no fixed shape and can flow. It is usually a liquid or gas.
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| Why are Fluids useful? | They make it easier to transport,process,and use different kinds of materials,even if these materials are solids.
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| What is a Slurry? | A mixture of water and solids is called a slurry. EX: Think about washing off a sidewalk or driveway with a hose. If you had a coating of mud or sand on your driveway,you could turn your hose on it.The water would carry the mud or sand off they driveway.
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| What is Slurry Technology? | Slurry Technology is the transport of solids in water.
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| Slurry Technology is important in many applications. Please give an example. | Slurry Technology is very important in mining oil sands.Read more on PG.14 Paragraph 1
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| Fluids are easy to move and take the shape of containers. Because of these properties, many of the things we see and use as solids were originally prepared as fluids. Please give an example. | An example is Glass. It is manufactured by heating a mixture of substances that includes sand,limestone,and other carbonates. The mixture is heated in a furnace at 1000c until its becomes a fluid. This allows it to be shaped into the form needed.
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| What makes Fluids useful? | Their ability to spread or flow and to carry other materials makes them useful in many applications.
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| Is toothpaste a Slurry? | Ask Ms.Kenny if unsure. PG.15
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| What does matter make up? | Matter makes up everything in the universe.*MATTER CAN BE ORGANIZED IN DIFFERENT WAYS
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| What is a Pure Substance? | A pure substance is a substance made up of only one type of matter;matter that has one type of particle throughout. EX: Sugar
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| What is a Mixture? | A Mixture is a combination of two or more different pure substances.
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| What is a Pure Substance made up of? | A Pure Substance is made up of one type of matter and has a unique set of characteristics or properties. EX: Baking Soda and Aluminium Foil are Pure Substances because you cannot separate them into different substances.
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| Can you separate a Pure Substance into different substances? | No.
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| What is a Mixture made up of? | A Mixture is made up of two or more pure substances combined together,each substance keeps it's properties. For Example, you may not see the sugar in the soda drink pop,but you can certainly taste it.
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| What is a Mechanical Mixture? | A Mechanical Mixture is a mixture in which you can see the different substances that make up the mixture. This type of Mixture is sometimes called a Heterogeneous Mixture!
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| What is a Heterogeneous Mixture? | It is another name for a Mechanical Mixture.
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| Can you separate a Mixture? | Although Mixtures are two or more substances combined together,each substance keeps it's properties;although sometimes it is difficult to see.Yes you can separate a solution.
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| Can you separate s Pure Substance? | A Pure Substance cannot separate because it is only made up of one type of Matter!
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| What is a Solution? | A solution is a homogeneous mixture;mixture of two or more substances that looks like one substance.
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| What is a Solution called? | A homogeneous Mixture?
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| What is a Homogeneous Mixture? | It is a mixture in which different substances cannot be seen;a mixture that looks as if it is all one substance. In other words it is a solution.
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| STUDY FIGURE 2.1 ON PG.20 MATTER CLASSIFICATION CHART. | This is important.
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| What is a Suspension? | A Suspension is a cloudy mixture in which droplets or tiny pieces of one substance are held within another substance.
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| A Suspension is a Mixture. What happens if you leave a Suspension undisturbed? | If you leave a Suspension Undisturbed it's parts will usually separate out. An example is muddy water. If you leave it undisturbed the water and the mud will separate.
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| What is a Colloid? | A Colloid is a cloudy mixture in which the droplets or tiny particles are too small to separate out.
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| For some fluids, the Paper chromatography test can be used to determine if they are pure substances or solutions. What is a paper chromatography test? | SEE PGS.21-23
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| Dissolving one substance into another substance makes a solution. The substance that dissolves is the ___. | Solute
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| What is the Solute? | It is a substance that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution.
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| The substance that does the dissolving in a solution is called the ___. | Solvent
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| What is the Solvent? | The Solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution; water and alcohol are comment solvents.
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| What is a concentrated solution? | A concentrated solution is when there are large amounts of solute in the solvent. See EX: PG.24 PARAGRAPH 2
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| What is a diluted solution? | A diluted solution has small amounts of solute in the solvent. Note to self: Ask Ms.Kenny about Concentrated and Diluted solutions to become clear on the topic.
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| Why is Concentrated and Diluted not exact terms? | n't tell you the actual amounts of solute in the solvent.
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| What is concentration? | Concentration is the amount of solute(usually in grams or kilograms) dissolved in a specific amount of solvent (usually in millilitres or litres) in a solution; written g/mL or kg/L
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| What does the Concentration tell you? | It tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.READ PG.21 MEASURING CONCENTRATION
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| How do you compare the concentrations of two solutions? | You need to know the amount of solute in the same volume of solvent for each solution. EX: You have two solutions, one of them has 10g of salt in 50ml of water (10g/50mL). The other has 25g/100mL of water. Which one is more concentrated and why? See PG.25
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| When comparing the Concentration the solvent must be the same in both solutions. How do you make the solvent the same in both Concentrations? | SEE PG.25 PARAGRAPH 2
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| What is a Unsaturated Solution? | A unsaturated solution is a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
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| What is a Saturated Solution? | A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
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| What is Solubility? | Solubility is the ability to dissolve.It is the mass of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a given temperate.
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| Give an example of Solubility. | EX: The Solubility of juice crystals would be the maximum amount of juice crystals that you could dissolve in water at that temperature.
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| Every solution has a ____ at a given temperature. | Saturation Point
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| What is the Saturation Point? | The Saturation Point is the point in which no more solute can be dissolved in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature.Read PG.25
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| Different solutes have different solubilites.Solubility is a unique property for each substance. | Ask Ms. Kenny if we need to know the solubilities of some common substance in water at zero degrees Celsius. If she says yes study the chart on PG.28
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| What are the three factors the Solubility depends on? | The type of solute,the type of solvent,and the temperature.
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| What is the most common solvent? | Water
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| What is referred too as the Universal Solvent and why? | Water is sometimes referred to as the universal solvent because it can dissolve so many different substances.
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| What does aqueous solution mean? | Aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent.Aqua is the Latin word for water.
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| Ask Ms. Kenny if I need to study the chart on PG.29 | Circle Yes or No.
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| What happens when the temperature of the solvent increases? | For most common solid or liquid substances,solubility increases as the temperature of the solvent increases.
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| What happens when the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent decreases? | As the temperature of the solvent increases, the solubility of a gas in a liquid DECREASES.
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| READ ABOUT THERMAL POLLUTION ON PG.31 | Ask Ms.Kenny if this is important to know. Circle yes or no.
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| What is the Particle Model of Matter? | The Particle Model of Matter is a model that explains the behaviour of solids,liquids,and gases;it states that all matter is made up of tiny moving particles that attract each other and have spaces between them. READ AND MEMORIZE PG.33 IMPORTANT!!
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| How can you make a solute dissolve more quickly? | By increasing the temperature
Decreasing the size of the pieces being dissolved
By stirring the Particles around.
For a deeper explanation see PG.35
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| What is viscosity? | A liquids internal resistance or friction that keeps it from flowing.
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| Explain viscosity using the particle model of matter. | The particle model of matter states that the particles in a liquid slide around and roll over each other.In a gas,the particles move around more easily.The greater the friction or rubbing between particles in any fluid,the higher the viscosity.
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| Explain what high viscosity is. | Fluids with a high viscosity do not flow as easily as fluids with a low viscosity. EX: Juice has a low viscosity and ketchup has a high viscosity.
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| What has a big affect on viscosity? | Temperature.
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| Read the ramp method on PG.40 | Make sure to take a break if you need too. Be sure to drink plenty of water when studying :) It helps you remember!
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| Memorize Viscosity and Temperature. | PG.41
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| What is Density? | Density is the amount of matter in a given volume.
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| Do all substances have the same Density? | No.Recall that the particle model of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles.The particles in a fluid are different from the particles in any other fluid.The density of a fluid depends on the particles it is made of.
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| Ask Ms.Kenny about how to read this Density Graph. | PG.43
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| In what units is Density Measured in? | mL OR cm3
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| How is Density Calculated? | Density is calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume: Density = mass/volume
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| What are the units for density? | Gases:millilitre (g/mL) OR kilograms (kg/L).
Solids:(g/cm3)
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| Density does not change as long as the temperature stays the same. | Remember that warm water floats on cold water because it has a lower density than the cold water has.
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| As particles become more active,they move away from each other, and the space between them increases.This causes... | This causes the volume to increase,but the number of particles STAY THE SAME.With the same number of particles in a larger volume,the density decreases. NOTE TO SELF: Ask Ms.Kenny about water PG.48
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| What happens when you increase the amount of particles in a fluid in a given volume? | By adding more particles,you increase the density of water in the solution.
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| When does an object sink? | An object sinks when its density is greater than the density of the fluid it is in.
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| Read and Memorize PG.49 | I'm not sure if I did flash cards on it aha :(
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| When does an object sink? | An object sinks when its density is greater than the density of the fluid it is in.
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| What is the connection between the objects density and the forces that act on it in a liquid? | When an object is in a liquid,the force of gravity pulls it down.The liquid,however,exerts an opposite force,called the buoyant force that pushes the object upward.
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| What is the buoyant force? | The buoyant force is an upward force that a fluid exerts on an object;opposite to the pull of gravity on an object in a fluid.
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| What happens when the density of the liquid is greater than the density of the object? | The buoyant force of the liquid on the object is greater than the force of gravity pulling down on the object.The object floats.
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| What happens when the density of the object is greater than that of the liquid? | The force of gravity acting on the object will be greater than the buoyant force of the liquid.The object sinks.
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| What is Buoyancy? | Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float when placed in a fluid.The buoyant force is the force in fluids that acts against gravity.
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| What is neutral buoyancy? | Neutral buoyancy is when the object placed in a fluid is suspended(floats) in the water where the force of gravity equals the buoyant force. See figure 3.10 on PG.50 + Memorize all the figures on PG.50
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| What is a important factor in some transportation technologies in reference to water? | Buoyancy is an important factor in some transportation technologies.
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| What is an example of a transportation device in which buoyancy is an important factor? | Ships. Ships are designed to float safely all over the world and Buoyancy plays an important factor when a ship moves from more dense to less dense water. THINK OF THE PLIMSOLL LINE! THERE IS ALWAYS A QUESTION ON A TEST ABOUT THE PLIMSOLL LINE!
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