Science Final
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is homeostasis? | The internal balance an organism must maintain
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| What coordinates the body's response to its environment? | The Nervous System
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| What is a neuron? | Our nerve cells
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| What is an impulse? | involves the exchange of substances thru the cell membrane of a neuron
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| What are neurotransmitters? |
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| What is the function of the cerebrum? | The largest portion of your brain; divided into 2 halves called hemispheres
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| What is the function of the spinal cord? | 16-18 in long; protected by bony vertebrae; connects the peripheral nerve network with the brain
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| What is the function of the cerebellum? | Controls bodily movements without you knowing it; maintains posture and balance; coordination
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| What is the function of the medulla? | autonomic center - breathing, heart rate, coughing, sneezing and swallowing
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| What is the function of the skeletal system? | Body framework for protection for vital organs and muscle attachment
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| What does the skull do? | protects the brain
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| What is red marrow? | marrow is tissue that produces blood cells
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| What is periosteum? | covers the bones surface; tough, white, and provides for muscle attachment
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| Cartilage | a bungee soft tissue; more flexible than bone; provided cushion between bones
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| ball and socket joint | provide free movement within a limited area ex. shoulder and hip
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| Hinge joints | bend in only one direction ex. elbow and knee
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| What does the muscular system do? | Move the bones at the joints by pulling the bone never pushing; generates body heat; located one joint above their action
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| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? | skeletal, cardiac and smooth
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| What does skeletal muscle tissue do? | voluntary; contract the bands that move over each other by shortening the belly of the muscle
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| What does smooth muscle tissue do? | involuntary; contract to move organs and fluids thru tubes ex. heart, stomach, pupil of eye, intestines
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| What does cardiac muscle tissue do? | involuntary; pumps blood thru the blood vessels to the body and back to the heart
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| How does a contraction happen? | the bending and extending of a muscle
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| What is a ligaments function? | a band of connective tissue that holds the bones of a joint in place
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| What is a tendons function? | the connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
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| Location of cardiac tissue | heart
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| Location of smooth tissue | heart, intestines, stomach
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| What is the integumentary system? | All things skin related
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| Name the skin layers from top to bottom. | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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| Functions of the skin | keeps harmful chemicals and disease causing organisms out of your body; helps prevent injury; shields and protects the inside of our body
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| Function of melanin | pigment causing much of the skin color
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| Where is melanin located? | In the epidermis
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| What is the function of the circulatory system? | helps maintain homeostasis by circulating nutrients, gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones and antibodies; carries waste materials to the kidneys
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| What are the parts of the circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
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| What is a pacemaker? | set the pace of the heart/located in the right atrium
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| What is the correct direction of blood through the heart? | The atria (right heart) receives blood from the body and lungs. The ventricles (left heart) pumps the blood to the lungs in the body.
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| What do arteries do? | always carries blood away from the heart; withstands a higher pressure
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| What do veins do? | carries blood towards the heart; have valves to insure a one direction flow
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| What do capillaries do? | one cell thick, this allows diffusion of materials thru the wall into the tissues; merge to form the veins
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| What are the functions of valves? | 4 valves insure that bloods flows in one direction thru the heart i.e. tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, pulmonary
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| What is the composition of blood? | 55% plasma, 45% solid components - erythrocytes Red blood cells, Leucocytes White blood cells, Platelets - clotting factors
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| What is the composition of plasma? | 90% water and 10% dissolved materials that are dissolved foods, wastes, minerals, hormones, electrolytes, and clotting factors
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| The clotting process in order... | When blood vessels r broken, platelets 1st stick together forming a temporary plug to stop blood loss, some platelets burst&release a substance that triggers a series of reactions that produce long fibers in the blood, a blood clot forms&serves as a plug
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| What is hemoglobin and where can you find it? | iron containing pigment that makes erythrocytes appear red/ can be found in bone marrow
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| What are the vessels of the heart? | 4 chambers (2 atria and 2 ventricles) & 4 valves
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| What are the 4 valves of the heart and their functions? | tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, pulmonary - functions are to insure that bloods flow in one direction thru the heart
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| Where can you find the oxygen rich blood? | the left side
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| Where can you find the deoxygenated blood? | the right side
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| What does the respiratory system do? | exchange carbon dioxide for a fresh supply of oxygen for the blood
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| What does the diaphragm do and where is it located? | changes the pressure in the lungs creating inhalation and exhalation; located below the lungs
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| What is the process of gas exchange in the alveoli? | Diffusion determines the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide; capillaries surround each alveolus
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| What is the function of the oxygen we inhale? | aerobic cellular respiration
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| What is the trachea? | wind pipe
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| What is the epiglottis and where is it located? | closes trachea when food is swallowed; located at the back of the throat
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| What is a bronchi and where is it located? | small air passage tubes that helps to carry oxygen; located in the chest above the heart near the trachea
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| What is the digestive system? | functions are intake of food, digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
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| What does the stomach do? | muscular organ that churns partially digested food mixing it with hydrochloric acid and enzymes; protein digestion starts here; located below the esophogus
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| What does the pancreas do? | produces pancreatic juice; contains digestive enzymes, insulin for sugar metabolism. It communicates with liver to adjust blood glucose levels. Located below the stomach.
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| What does the liver do? | produces bile for lipid (fat) digestion; emulsifies fat into smaller molecules. Located above the stomach.
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| Mechanical vs chemical digestion | Mechanical involved the grinding and mixing w/ enzymes/ Chemical involves chemically breaking down the food into usable molecules
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| Chyme | The semi-liquid mixture of digestive juices and partly digested food in the stomach and small intestine
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| What is the direction of flow through the alimentary canal in order? | mouth, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus
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| What is the function of the small intestine? | produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acids from the stomach
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| What is the function of the large intestine? | removes undigested food and absorbs water; material left is feces
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| What is the villi and where is it located | finger like; provides large surface area for absorbing digested food; located in the small intestine
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| Where is the esophagus located? | long tube before the stomach
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| Where is the gall bladder located? | Above stomach attached to the liver
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| What is the excretory system? | to remove wastes from the blood and to eliminate them from body
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| Where does filtration occur? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra
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| What does the kidneys do? | filters the waste from the blood; removes all liquids from blood and only returns what is necessary for homeostasis
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Created by:
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