skin, hair & nails
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| skin | largest organ, provides clues about general health, changes in the environment
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| relat to respiratory | central & peripheral cyanosis
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| relat to digestive | jaundice
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| relat to cardiovascular | lesions, ulcerations, necrosis
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| relat to neurological | sensation of touch, temp, pressure, vibration and pain
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| relat to urinary | pruritis due to toxin buildup
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| age related skin changes: infant | less subcutaneous tissue, skin appears pinkish
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| seborrheic dermatitis | from infant sebum secretion (cradle cap?)
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| age related skin changes: adolescent | apocrine glands become active, axillary sweating, body odor. Sebaceous glands start producing oil, acne predisposition
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| age related skin changes: older adult | keratotic lesions, age spots = increased melanocytes
graying hair = decrease in melanocytes
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| How do you check for color variations in Asians? | Sclera, conjuntiva
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| subj history: changes in skin | new moles, lesions; rashes, itching, dryness, pain, bleeding; fever, sore throat, SOB; recent environmental exposures; hair and nail changes
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| subj history: skin cancer risk | fair skin, family history, exposure to sun, age
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| PA approach | Head to toe, anterior, posterior, lateral. Assess by regions when examining cardio, resp and other systems
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| PA techniques | Inspection and palpation
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| Primary lesion | Initial alteration in the skin
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| When assessing color changes in dark-skinned people, check this | oral mucosa membranes
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| Secondary lesion | lesions resulting from changes in the primary lesion
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| Vitiligo | patchy pallor
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| Inspection of skin (4) | color, odor, lesions, signs of abuse
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| Inspection of nails (4) | Color, length/cleanliness, ridges or pitting in nailbed, clubbing
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| clubbing | > 180 degrees, vs normal at 160 degrees
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| Inspection of hair (3) | color/quality/distribution, scalp conditions, infestations
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| what causes clubbing? | poor circulation/resp, causes excess CO2. COPD, lung cancer*
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| Palpation of skin (4) | Temperature, Moisture, Texture, Turgor
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| Palpate nail bed | Capillary refill <3 seconds, texture
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| palpate scalp | mobility, tenderness, masses, texture of hair
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| macule | primary lesion; flat, distinct color area <1cm FRECKLE
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| patch | primary lesion; large macule >1cm
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| papule | primary lesion; solid, elevation of skin, no visible fluid <1cm
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| plaque | primary lesion; broad, raised area on skin
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| nodule | primary lesion: slightly elevated lesions, larger than papule but <2cm
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| purulent | having pus
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| pustule | primary lesion; small elevation containing purulent material
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| vesicle | primary lesion; small fluid-filled blister
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| bulla | primary lesion; fluid-filled blister >5mm diamter
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| wheal | primary lesion; raised, pruritic
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| pruritic | causing itching
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| secondary lesions | scale, crust, erosion, ulcers, fissures
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| atrophy | scarring
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| Descriptions of lesions | surface relationship (raised, flat or depressed)
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| Descriptions of lesions | blanching or pulsation of vascular lesions
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| Descriptions of lesions | pattern, configuration and distribution
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| Descriptions of lesions | size, shape, color, texture, exudate, tenderness
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| pattern configuration | round/oval
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| pattern configuration | discrete
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| pattern configuration | grouped
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| pattern configuration | confluent
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| pattern configuration | linear
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| pattern configuration | annular/circular
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| pattern configuration | arciform
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| pattern configuration | iris
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| pattern configuration | reticular
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| pattern configuration | gyrate
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| pattern configuration | polycyclic
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| distribution | diffuse
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| distribution | scattered
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| distribution | localized
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| distribution | dermatome
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| distribution | hairy areas
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| distribution | extensor/flexor surfaces
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| distribution | sun exposed areas
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| distribution | interiginous (folds)
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| Purpuric Lesions | Vascular lesion; ecchymosis; non-blanchable, variable size; caused by trauma
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| Purpuric Lesion | vascular lesion;
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