Social Psychology
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| Social Psychology | The scientific study of how people think about, interact with, influence, and are influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of other people.
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| Attitudes | Patterns of feelings and beliefs about other people, ideas, or objects that are based on a person's past experiences, shape his or her future behavior, and are evaluative in nature.
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| Elaboration Likelihood Model | Theory suggesting that there are two routes to attitude change: the central route, which focuses on a logical, direct argument for change, and the peripheral route, which focuses on less careful, more emotional, and even superficial evaluation.
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| Cognitive Dissonance | A state of mental discomfort arising from a discrepancy between two or more of a person's beliefs or between a person's beliefs and overt behavior.
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| Self-perception Theory | Approach to attitude formation that assumes that people infer their attitudes and emotional states from their behavior.
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| Reactance | The negative response evoked when there is an inconsistency between a person's self-image as being free to choose and the person's realization that someone is trying to force him or her to choose a particular occurrence.
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| Social Cognition | The process of analyzing and interpreting events, other people, oneself, and the world in general.
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| Impression Formation | The process by which a person uses behavior and appearance of others to form attitudes about them.
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| Nonverbal Communication | The communication of information by cues or actions that include gestures, tone of voice, vocal inflections, and facial expressions.
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| Body Language | Communication of information through body positions and gestures.
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| Attributions | The process by which a person infers other people's motives or intensions by observing their behavior.
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| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional (internal) causes rather than situational (external) causes.
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| Actor-observer Effect | The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes but to attribute one's own behavior to situational causes.
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| Self-serving Bias | People's tendency to ascribe their positive behaviors to their own internal traits, but their failures and shortcomings to external, situational factors.
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| Prejudice | Negative evaluation of an entire group of people, typically based on unfavorable (and often wrong) stereotypes about groups.
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| Stereotypes | Fixed, overly simple and often erroneous ideas about traits, attitudes, and behaviors of groups of people; stereotypes assume that all members of a given group are alike.
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| Discrimination | Behavior targeted at individuals or groups and intended to hold them apart and treat them differently.
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| Social Categorization | The process of dividing the world into "in" groups and "out" groups.
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| Social Influence | The ways people alter the attitudes or behaviors of others, either directly or indirectly.
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| Conformity | People's tendency to change attitudes or behaviors so that they are consistent with those of other people or with social norms.
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| Obedience | Compliance with the orders of another person or group of people.
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| Debriefing | Informing participants about the true nature of a experiment after its completion.
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| Group | Two or more individuals who are working with a common purpose or have some common goals, characteristics, or interests.
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| Social Facilitation | Change in behavior that occurs when people believe they are in the presence of other people.
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| Social Loafing | Decrease in effort and productivity that occurs when an individual works in a group instead of alone.
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| Group Polarization | Shifts or exaggeration in group members' attitudes or behavior as a result of group discussion.
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| Groupthink | The tendency of people in a group to seek concurrence with one another when reaching a decision, rather than effectively evaluating options.
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| Deindividuation | The process by which individuals lose their self-awareness and distinctive personality in the context of a group, which may lead them to engage in antinormative behavior.
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| Aggression | Any behavior intended to harm another person or thing.
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| Prosocial Behavior | Behavior that benefits someone else or society but that generally offers no obvious benefit to the person performing it and may even involve some personal risk or sacrifice.
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| Altruism | Behaviors that benefit other people and for which there is no discernable extrinsic reward, recognition, or appreciation.
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| Sociobiology | A discipline based on the premise that even day-to-day behaviors are determined by the process of natural selection - that social behaviors that contribute to the survival of a species are passed on via the genes from one generation to the next.
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| Bystander Effect | Unwillingness to help exhibited by witnesses to an event, which increase when there are more observers.
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| Interpersonal Attraction | The tendency of one person to evaluate another person (or a symbol or image of another person) in a positive way.
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| Equity Theory | Social psychological theory that states that people attempt to maintain stable, consistent interpersonal relationships in which the ratio of member's contributions is balanced.
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| Intimacy | A state of being or feeling in which each person in a relationship is willing to self-disclose and to express important feelings and information to the other person.
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| Ex Post Facto Design | A type of design that contrasts groups of people who differ on some variable of interest to the researcher.
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