Logical Fallacies
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| logical fallacy | is an error in logic something that makes your argument suspect, incomplete, and/or untrue. Fallacies may be either careless mistakes or intentional deceptions. Basically a flaw in logic
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| argument to the man | circumventing an issue by attacking a person's character. Used to divert an audience's attention
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| argument to the people | seeking assent by stirring up powerful emotions(such as a fear or prejudice) rather than building a logical case. Used to divert an audience's attention
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| begging the question | circular reasoning that is drawing conclusion from assumptions that have not been proven
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| either/or fallacy | contrasting your own choice only with one that is wholly undesirable while overlooking other option
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| equivocation | using a word with two or more definitions, usually in order to confuse or deceive.
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| faulty causation | an illogical assumption about what caused an effect to tkae place.
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| complex question | a question such as "where did you go after you stole the car?"; that is a question that actually contains two question that must be addressed seperately first.
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| faulty generalization | making a general statement or claim based on insufficient evidence in other words jumping to conclusion stereotypes for examples arise from faulty generalization.
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| false analogy | assuming that since two things are alike in one respect they must be alike in others. often an analogy is false because important pieces of information are missing or overlooked
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| half truth | building your argument on verifiable facts but deliberately failing to give your audience the full story.
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| non sequitur | literally "does not follow." a conclusion or statement that does not arise logically from the premises of a given argument
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| red herring | avoiding the "real" argument by introducing something irrelevant or tangentially related thereby changing pr shifting the topic of discussion
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| straw man fallacy | attempting to strengthen your own view by distorting the opposing view or making it seem overly simplistic. the opposing view thus becomes a "straw man" that you can knock down easily. this technique usually hurts your credibility
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