Chap 8 The Nervous System
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| ______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body. | peripheral nervous system
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| ______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the brain and spinal cord. | central nervous system
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| A group of peripheral axons bundled together in an epineurium is called a ___________. | nerves
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| The two types of cells found in the nervous system are ________ and _______. | neurons ; glia
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| The knee jerk is of a type of neural pathway called a ________. | reflex arc
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| __________ is a self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron's plasma membrane. | nerve impulse
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| The exterior of a resting neuron has a slight _________ charge, whereas the interior has a slight _______ charge. | positive ; negative
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| During a nerve impulse, ______ is the ion that rushes into the neuron. | sodium
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| The ______ is the place where impulses are passed from one neuron to another. | synapse
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| Acetylcholine and dopamine are examples of ______________, which are chemicals used by neurons to communicate. | neurotransmitters
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| ______, _______, and ______ are the three membranes that make up the meninges. | dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
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| There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of nerves that come from the spinal cord. | 12, 31
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| _____ are skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve. | dermatomes
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| _____ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates effectors during nonstress conditions. | parasympathetic nervous system
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| _____ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the "fight or flight" response. | sympathetic nervous system
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| The preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ___. The postganglionic axons release ____. | acetycholine ; norepinephrine
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| The autonomic nervous system consist of neurons that conduct impulses from the btain or spinal cord to ____ tissue,___ tissue, and _____ tissue. | cardiac muscle; smooth muscle; glandular epithelial
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| a highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body | dendrite
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| a single projection that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body | axon
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| a whie fatty substance that surronds and insulates the axon | myelin
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| cells that make myelin for axons outside the CNS | schwann cells
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| glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier | astrocytes
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| cells that act as microbe-eating scavengers in the CNS | microglia
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| part of the brainstem that contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers | medulla oblongata
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| part of the brainstem that is a conduction pathway btwn areas of the brain and body; influences respiration | pons
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| part of the brainstem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses | midbrain
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| regulates body temp, water balance, sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and sexual arousal | hypothalamus
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| sensory relay station from various body areas to the cerebral coretx; also involved with emotions and alerting and arousal mechanisms | thalamus
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| regulates muscle coordination, maintenance of equilibrium, and posture | cerebellum
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| sensory perception, willed movements, consciousness and memory are mediated here / largest part of the human brain | cerebrum
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| carries messages to and from the brain to the rest of the body; also mediates reflexes | spinal cord
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| What are the four lobes of the cerebrum? | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls vision? | occipital
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| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls emotions, personality, morality and intellect? | frontal
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| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls sensory area for pain, touch, heat cold? | parietal
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| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls hearing and smelling? | temporal
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| What are the 4 major parts of the brain? | brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum
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| What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
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| Which part of the brainstem controls the vital signs? | medulla oblongata
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| Which part of the brainstem controls the breathing rhythm? | pons
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| Which part of the brain stem controls the reflexes? | midbrain
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| Which part of the diencephalon consists mainly of the posterior pituitary gland, pituitary stalk, and gray matter? | hypothalamus
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| What are the two main parts of the diencephalon? | hypothalamus and thalamus
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| Which part of the brain controls all body functions having to do with skeletal muscles? | cerebellum
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| -the place where the impulses are transmitted from one neuron | presynaptic neuron
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| -the place where the impulse has been transmitted from one neuron to the next neuron | postsynaptic
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| What is an example of a two-neuron reflex a rc? | knee jerk
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| What is an example of a three-neuron reflex arc? | withdraw from touching hot stove
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| -the point of connection btwn two nerves | synapse
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| - tissue composed of primarily of myelinated axons | white matter
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| -tissue composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers | grey matter
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| -surrounds indv fibers within a nerve | endoneurium
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| -surrounds a group of nerve fibers | perineurium
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| -surrounds the entire nerve | epineurium
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| -supports cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally | glia
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| -emerge from the skin or sense organs, conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain | sensory (afferent) neurons
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| -conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands | motor (efferent) neurons
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| -conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons | interneurons (associative neurons)
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| -conduct impulses away from the cell body of neuron | axon
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| -conduct impulses to the cell body of neuron | dendrites
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