vocab. for DSST Env.Sci. from Environmental Science by Karen Arms
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| autotroph | self-feeding organism that obtains its nutrients by synthesis from the environment, such as green plants
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| carbon cycle | process in an ecosystem in which producers take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and consumers, having eaten producers, release carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
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| carnivore | consumer that eats only other consumers
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| cellular respiration | process of breaking down food to yield energy
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| climax community | final, stable community that forms when land is left undisturbed
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| consumer | organisln that gets its energy by eating other organisms; heterotroph
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| DDT | powerful insecticide; its use is limited by law because of its potential to damage the environment
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| Decomposer | consumer that gets its food by breaking down dead organisms, causing them to rot
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| energy pyramid | diagram in the form of a pyramid that shows how energy is lost from one trophic level to the next
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| fire-maintained communities | communities where natural fires caused by lightning make secondary succession possible
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| food chain | the sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats and is then eaten by another
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| food web | diagram showing the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
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| herbivore | consumer that eats only producers
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| heterotroph | consumer organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms
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| krill | small, shrimplike crustaceans; the main food of whales
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| lichen | composed of a particular fungus and a particular alga growing in a symbiotic relationship and forming a dual organism
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| nitrogen cycle | process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into compounds for use by plants and animals, eventually returned by decay
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| nitrogen-fixing bacteria | bacteria that convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form that plants can use
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| omnivore | consumer that eats both plants and animals
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| perennial grass | tall grass plants that live several years (as opposed to annual grasses) and that have a tendency to shade the ground, limiting growth of smaller plants
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| photosynthesis | biological synthesis of chemical compounds in the presence of light; produces organic substances such as sugar
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| pioneers | first organisms to colonize any newly available area and start the process of succession
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| precipitation | rain, sleet, snow, or hail that has condensed from water vapor in the atmosphere and returns to the Earth's surface
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| primary succession | succession that occurs in areas where no ecosystem has existed previously
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| producer | organism that makes its own food; autotroph
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| secondary succession | pattern of change in an area where an ecosystem has previously existed
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| succession | the regular pattern of changes over time in the types of species in a community
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| trophic level | a step in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem; the level of a food chain that an organism occupies
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| water cycle | the continual process by which water circulates between the atmosphere and the Earth
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| energy | the quantity that describes the capacity to do work
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