Patho Respiratory
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| When pH decreases (increase acidity), shifts O2-Hb diss curve to | Right
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| pH increase shifts O2-Hb diss curve to | Left
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| Increase CO2, increase temp, exercise shifts O2-Hb diss curve to | Right
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| Decrease CO2, increase pH, shifts O2-Hb diss curve to | Left
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| What percent of O2 binds to Hgb | 97
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| What percent of O2 dissolve in blood | 3
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| What percent of CO2 binds to Hgb | 23
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| What percent of CO2 dissolves in blood | 7
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| What percent of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate, making the RBC such an important buffer system | 70
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| If PCO2 and PO2 are the same as venous blood, then Va/Q= 0 and I have no ____. | Ventilation
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| If PCO2 and PO2 are the same as inspired air, then Va/Q= infinity and I have no ____. | Perfusion
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| If Va/Q is normal, PO2 in alveoli is ____ than inspired air, and ____ than venous blood | Less, more
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| If Va/Q is normal, PCO2 in alveoli is ____ than inspired air, and ____ than venous blood | More, less
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| The amount of CO, 2%, per minute that goes to the bronchial vessels (unoxygenated) instead of going through the alveoli, showing an abnormal Va/Q ratio | Physiologic shunt
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| If Va/Q is more than normal, Va is good but Q is low and more O2 available than can be transported and the ventilation of these alveoli is said to be | Wasted
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| When ventilation of anatomical dead space and areas of the respiratory pathways is wasted too, the sum of these two types of wasted ventilation is known as | Physiological dead space
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| T or F. Once O2 diffuses from the alveoli, is transported by the blood, combined with hemoglobin which increase this transportation 30-100 times compared to simply dissolved | True
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| PO2 in ___>____>____ and for CO2 is the other way around | Alveoli, blood, tissues
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| With exercise a person will require as much as 20x's the amt. of O2 and the increase __, will decrease the time that blood stays in the capillaries. | CO
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| With increase CO blood oxygenation suffers but the _______ of O2 diffusion through the Pulm. memb. maintains the blood almost sat. with O2 | Great safety factor
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| Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation. | Inspiratory reserve volume
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| Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions | Tidal volume
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| Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation | Expiratory reserve volume
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| Amount of air remaining in lungs after a FORCED exhalation | Residual volume
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| Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal EXPIRATION. TV+IRV | Inspiratory capacity
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| Volume of air remaining in lungs after a NORMAL tidal volume expiration. ERV+ RV | Functional residual capacity
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| Maximum amount of air that can be EXPIRED after a maximum inspiratory effort. IRV+ TV+ERV. | Vital capacity
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| Maximum air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort. IRV+TV+ERV+RV | Total lung capacity
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| If Va is zero and there's still Q (perfusion ), Va/Q= | Zero
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| If Va is perfect but there's zero perfusion , Va/Q= | Infinity
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| At which ratio does no gas exchange exist? | Zero and infinity
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| PO2(mmHg) in ____>____>_____ | Air, alveoli, venous
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| PCO2(mmHg) in ____>____>____ | Venous, alveoli, air
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| Alveolar PN2 is ___ than PN2 is tissues | Less
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| PO2 in the pulmonary artery is_____ than PO2 in alveoli | Less
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| PCO2 in pulmonary vein is____ than PCO2 in pulmonary artery | Less
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| PN2 in the pulmonary artery is _____ to the PN2 in the pulmonary vein | Equal
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| PH2O in the pulmonary artery, alveoli, and pulmonary vein are | Equal
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| The___ system automatically adjust the rate of alveolar ventilation almost exactly to the body's demand | Nervous
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| T or F. Due to the automatic adjustment of the respiratory system, arterial PO2 and PCO2 are hardly modified even with moderated to instense exercise or other resp. distress | False. Nervous system
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| The respiratory center is composed of several groups of neurons located in the___, specifically at the ___ and ___. | Brain stem, medulla oblongata, pons
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| Dosal portion of medulla oblongata. mainly inspiration. | Dorsal Resp. Group
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| ventrolateral portion of medulla. Insp. or Expir. depending on the nerves stimulated | Ventral Resp. Group
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| Dorsally located in the pons. Rate and pattern of breathing | Pneumotaxic Center
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| The most important role in controlling resp is played by the___. | Dorsal Resp Group
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| Dorsal Resp Group receives informaton from the | chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and other receptors in the lungs that help in the control
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| The signal transmitted to the primary inspiratory muscles is a | Ramp signal
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| The signal transmitted to the diaphragm and external intercostals is a | Ramp signal
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| T of F. The ramp signal starts from 0 and continues with a steady decrease for about 2 seconds. | False. increase
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| The ramp signal starts from _ and continues with a steady increase for about_ seconds and stops for_ seconds | 0, 2, 3
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| The duration of __ is determined by duration of ___. | expiration, inspiration
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| The pneumotaxic center___ the duration of inspiration and ____ the respiratory rate | limits, increases
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| T or F. Strong signals from the pneumotaxic center increase the time of inspiration | False. Strong signals from the pneumtotaxic center reduce the time of inspiraton
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| T or F. Weak signals from the pneumotaxic center increase time of inspiration | True
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| The ventral group is mostly involved in | increased levels of ventilation
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| The ultimate goal of resp. is to maintain proper H+, O2, and CO2 in the ___. | Tissues
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| T or F. Increased H+ and CO2 indirectly stimulate the resp. Center causing increase of the inspiratory and expiratory signals | False. Directly
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| T or F. Oxygen doesnt have a direct effect on the center but acts through the central chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic bodies | False. Peripheral chemoreceptors
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| The Net Diffusion of a gas in one direction is a direct effect of its ______, and its _____. | Concentration gradient, surface pressure
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