The Child with a Respiratory Disorder
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| Composed of lecithin and sphingomyelin and prevents the alveoli from collapsing during respirations after birth | Surfactant
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| What is a premature birth accompanied by? | Problems with respiratory gas exchange
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| The process of breathing air into and out of the lungs | Ventilation
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| Most common infection of the respiratory tract | Acute Coryza (cold)
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| May be related to inhaled cocaine or other drug abuse | Nasopharyngitis
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| TRUE or FALSE. Antibiotics are NOT effective against the common cold | TRUE
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| An inflammation of the structures in the throat | Acute Pharyngitis
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| What is suspected when an upper respiratory infection lasts longer that 10 days with a daytime cough? | Acute sinusitis
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| Treatment for acute sinusitis | 10 to 14 day antibiotic therapy
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| A "barking" cough and varying degrees of inspiratory stridor | Croup
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| Weakness of the airway walls and a floppy epiglottis that causes stridor on inspiration | Congenital laryngeal stridor
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| How will you place an infant to lessen symptoms of congenital laryngeal stidor? | Prone or propped in the side-lying position
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| Usually occurs in children between 1 to 3 years of age and can be caused by a virus, allergy, or psychological trigger | Spasmodic laryngitis (spasmodic croup)
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| TRUE or FALSE. The attack of spasmodic croup lasts a few hours and by morning the child will feel normal? | TRUE
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| Manifested by edema, destruction of respiratory cilia, and exudate, resulting in respiratory obstruction | Laryngotracheobronchitis
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| Swelling of the tissues above the vocal cords | Epilottitis (life-threatening)
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| Viral infection of the small airways in the lower respiratory tract | Bronchiolitis (leads to atelectasis)
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| Treatment for Bronchiolitis | Semi-fowler's position with a slightly hyperextended neck to facilitate respirations; Oral feedings supplemented by IV fluids; Bronchodilating aerosol therapy and high-humidity tents are prescribed; monitor vital signs and O2
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| Responsible for 50% of cases of bronchiolitis in infants and yound children; MOST COMMON cause of viral pneumonia | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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| Transmission of RSV | Direct contact w/ respiratory secretions (can survive for more than 6hrs on countertops, tissues, and soap bars)
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| Prevention of RSV | Monoclonal antibody, palivizumab (synagis)given monthly intramuscular injections
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| Occurs when infant inhales an oil-based substance into the airways | Lipoid pneumonia
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| An inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli become filled with exudate and surfactant may be reduced | Pneumonia
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| Most common cause of pneumonia in newborns | Group B streptococci
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| Most common cause of pneumonia in infants 3 wks to 3 mos | Chlamydia
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| Severe type of pneumonia caused by the coronavirus | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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| The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are most often involved | in childhood sinusitis
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| A complication of childhood sinusitis | Periorbital
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| TRUE or FALSE. Pulse oximetry readings are of great value in carbon monoxide poisoning | FALSE
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| What should be readily available at the bedside in infants with carbon monoxide poisoning | An intubation tray
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| Should be avoided in the immediate postoperative period after a tonsillectomy | Coughing, clearing the throat, and blowing nose
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| Benign forms of Croup | Laryngomalacia and acute spasmodic laryngitis
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| Acute types of Croup | Laryngotracheobronchitis and epiglottitis
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| A tongue blade examination of the throat can cause sudden respiratory arrest in a child with what? | Epiglottitis
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| Characteristics of cystic fibrosis | Bulky, frothy, fou-smelling stools
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| A multisystem disease characterized by an increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions | Cystic fibrosis
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Created by:
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