Survival factors
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| Takes place when more than one organism seeks the same resource at the same time | Competition
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| Anything that restricts the number of individuals living in a population | a limiting factor
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| What are some factors that increase population size | high birthrate, low death rate, migration in, decrease in limiting factors, favorable weather,
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| Examples of limiting factors | disease, competition, crowding, unfavorable weather, increase in predation, food, water, sunlight (plants), temperature, etc.
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| How is population sampling done? | populations are counted in a small area and then multiplied using ratios to reflect a larger area
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| the largest number of individuals of one species that an area can support based on its limiting factors | carrying capacity
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| An alien/invader species | species new to an area, not native
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| Difference between linear and exponential growth | linear adds the same amount each time, exponential growth doubles the total each time
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| Why are alien species harmful to an area? | alien species usually don’t have natural limiting factors, like predators, in the new area and their population grows quickly, taking resources away from the native species
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| How do limiting factors determine carrying capacity? | The more limiting factors there are, the lower the carrying capacity.
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| What is primary succession? | succession in a brand new area--no living things, new soil
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| What is secondary succession? | succession in an area that has recently had living things growing there-soil is in place
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| What is the difference in the rate of primary and secondary succession? | Primary succession takes MUCH longer than secondary because soil has to be formed first.
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| What is a pioneer species? | Pioneers are the first organisms to come in during succession. They grow quickly and have very few limiting factors.
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| What is a climax community? | It is a mature collection of many living things that are present when succession is complete. They require a long time to grow.
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| What determines the type of plants and animals in an area? | Temperature (controlled by altitude and latitude) and precipitation determine the plants. Animals are determined by the amount and type of plants in an area.
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| Why do population sizes decrease as you go up through an energy pyramid? | Populations decrease because the amount of energy available to support them greatly decrease
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| Why does energy decrease as you go up through an energy pyramid? | Energy is lost to: activities required to live, some is wasted, and some is lost as heat.
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| What is biological magnification? | It is the buildup of a pollutant as it moves up through a food web.
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