Understanding students with Communication disorders
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| speech disorder | difficulty producing sounds, disorders of voice quality, or fluency of speech (stuttering)
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| language disorder | a difficulty in receiving, understanding, and forming ideas and information
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| receptive language disorder | having a difficulty in receiving or understanding information
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| expressive language disorder | difficulty in forming ideas and information
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| cleft palate or lip | a medical condition where a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or upper lip
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| dialect | regional variation of a language
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| speech | oral expression of language
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| language | a symbolic system for communicating- it is structured, shared, and rule governed
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| phonology | the use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words
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| phonemes | individual sounds of speech and the way in which they are produced based on their placement in a word or syllable
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| morphology | the system that governs the structure of words
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| morpheme | the smallest meaningful unit of speech
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| syntax | the rules for stringing words together to form sentences.
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| semantics | the meaning of an expression
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| pragmatics | the use of communication within context
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| social interaction theories | emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions
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| articulation | a speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds
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| substitutions | when a speaker substitutes one sound for another
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| omissions | occur when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word
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| additions | occur when students pace a vowel between two consonants
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| distortion | modifications to the production of a phoneme in a word
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| apraxia | a motor speech disorder- disrupts the way in which a person plans to produce speech
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| pitch | altered by the tension and size of the vocal folds, health of the larynx, and the location of the larynx
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| duration | the length of time that a speech sound requires
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| resonance | determined by the way in which the tone coming from the vocal folds is modified by the spaces of the throat, mouth, and nose
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| intensity | loudness or softness- based on the perception of the listener; determined by the air pressure coming through the vocal folds from the lungs
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| hypernasality | when air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds other than the three it is supposed to- /m/, /n/, /ng/
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| hyponasality | when air cannot pass through the nose and therefore it comes out of the mouth
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| fluency | the rate and rhythm of speaking
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| specific language impairment | a language disorder that has no identifiable cause- a person with apparently normal development in all other areas
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| organic disorders | disorders that are caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person
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| functional disorders | disorders with no identifiable organic or neurological cause
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| congenital disorders | occurs at or before birth
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| acquired disorder | occurs well after birth
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| oral motor exam | examination of the appearance, strength, and range of motion of the lips, tongue, palate, teeth, and jaw
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| bilingual | refers to someone who uses two languages equally
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| bidialectal | refers to someone who uses two variations of a language
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| System for Augmenting Language (SAL) | focuses on augmented input of language
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