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Ch. 6: Communication
Understanding students with Communication disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| speech disorder | difficulty producing sounds, disorders of voice quality, or fluency of speech (stuttering) |
| language disorder | a difficulty in receiving, understanding, and forming ideas and information |
| receptive language disorder | having a difficulty in receiving or understanding information |
| expressive language disorder | difficulty in forming ideas and information |
| cleft palate or lip | a medical condition where a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or upper lip |
| dialect | regional variation of a language |
| speech | oral expression of language |
| language | a symbolic system for communicating- it is structured, shared, and rule governed |
| phonology | the use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words |
| phonemes | individual sounds of speech and the way in which they are produced based on their placement in a word or syllable |
| morphology | the system that governs the structure of words |
| morpheme | the smallest meaningful unit of speech |
| syntax | the rules for stringing words together to form sentences. |
| semantics | the meaning of an expression |
| pragmatics | the use of communication within context |
| social interaction theories | emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions |
| articulation | a speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds |
| substitutions | when a speaker substitutes one sound for another |
| omissions | occur when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word |
| additions | occur when students pace a vowel between two consonants |
| distortion | modifications to the production of a phoneme in a word |
| apraxia | a motor speech disorder- disrupts the way in which a person plans to produce speech |
| pitch | altered by the tension and size of the vocal folds, health of the larynx, and the location of the larynx |
| duration | the length of time that a speech sound requires |
| resonance | determined by the way in which the tone coming from the vocal folds is modified by the spaces of the throat, mouth, and nose |
| intensity | loudness or softness- based on the perception of the listener; determined by the air pressure coming through the vocal folds from the lungs |
| hypernasality | when air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds other than the three it is supposed to- /m/, /n/, /ng/ |
| hyponasality | when air cannot pass through the nose and therefore it comes out of the mouth |
| fluency | the rate and rhythm of speaking |
| specific language impairment | a language disorder that has no identifiable cause- a person with apparently normal development in all other areas |
| organic disorders | disorders that are caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person |
| functional disorders | disorders with no identifiable organic or neurological cause |
| congenital disorders | occurs at or before birth |
| acquired disorder | occurs well after birth |
| oral motor exam | examination of the appearance, strength, and range of motion of the lips, tongue, palate, teeth, and jaw |
| bilingual | refers to someone who uses two languages equally |
| bidialectal | refers to someone who uses two variations of a language |
| System for Augmenting Language (SAL) | focuses on augmented input of language |
Created by:
lbash1
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