ARRT Registry Review Covering Radiation Protection
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| What are two types of x-ray production? | bremsstrahlung and characteristic
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| What are to two major types of x-ray interactions that occur in the diagnostic range | pholtelectric effect: contributes to patient dose. Compton scatter: contributes to image fog .
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| Describe linear and nonlinear curves. | linear: responses that are proportional to the radiation dose recieve. nonlinear: not proportional to the dose recieved
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| What is the difference between early and late effects | early: appear a short time after exposure, high dose in short period of time, not seen in diagnostic radiology, late can appear years after exposure.
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| State the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau | The following are particularly radiosensitive: stem cells, young immature cells, and highly mitotic cells.
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| Describe LET. | radiation deposits energy as it passes through tissue.
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| What are somatic effects. | effects of radiation that affect the irradiated body itelf.
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| What is the purpose of beam restriction | reduce patient dose, reduces production of scattered radiation, and improves image quality.
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| What are the functions of mAs and kV. | mAs controls quantity, no effect on quality
kV controls quality, affects quantity.
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| When should gonadal shielding be used | when gonads lie in, or within 5 cm of, the collimated field, the patient has reasonable reproductive potential; diagnostic objectives permit.
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| What are the cardinal principles. | Time, distance and shielding.
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| Occupational radiation sources come from what | scattered radiation, and leakage radiation.
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| What are primary barriers, what are secondary barriers | primary barriers protect against direct exposure for useful beam. secondary only protect against leakage and scattered radiation.
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| How many inches must fluoroscopic equipment provide. | at least 12 inches but preferably 15.
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| What does roentgen measure | measures ionization in air, measures x or gamma radiation only, is valid up to 3 MeV.
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| Biologic damage is dependant on what | aype of ionizting radiation, atomic number of the tissue, mass density of the tissue, energy of the radiation,
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| What are 4 types of personal radiation monitors | opticlally stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescent dosimeter, film badge, pocket dosimeter
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| What is the occupationally exposed doselimits for individuals 18 years of age and older | 5 rem or 50 mSv
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| What is occupationlly exposed dose limits for individuals under 18 years of age | .1 rem
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| Where is a fetal monitor worn | under the lead abron at waist level
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| What is the gestational dose limit | must not exceed 500 mrem.
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| Where is most occupational exposure recieved | in fluoroscopy and mobile radiography
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| What is the inverse square law | Increasing the distance from the source of radiation reslults in a reduction of occupational exposure
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| Lead aprons must be at least how thick | at least .25 mm Pb equivalent
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| Why does fluoroscopy deliver a higher patient dose | because of decreased SSD
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