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RADT 456
ARRT Registry Review Covering Radiation Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are two types of x-ray production? | bremsstrahlung and characteristic |
| What are to two major types of x-ray interactions that occur in the diagnostic range | pholtelectric effect: contributes to patient dose. Compton scatter: contributes to image fog . |
| Describe linear and nonlinear curves. | linear: responses that are proportional to the radiation dose recieve. nonlinear: not proportional to the dose recieved |
| What is the difference between early and late effects | early: appear a short time after exposure, high dose in short period of time, not seen in diagnostic radiology, late can appear years after exposure. |
| State the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau | The following are particularly radiosensitive: stem cells, young immature cells, and highly mitotic cells. |
| Describe LET. | radiation deposits energy as it passes through tissue. |
| What are somatic effects. | effects of radiation that affect the irradiated body itelf. |
| What is the purpose of beam restriction | reduce patient dose, reduces production of scattered radiation, and improves image quality. |
| What are the functions of mAs and kV. | mAs controls quantity, no effect on quality kV controls quality, affects quantity. |
| When should gonadal shielding be used | when gonads lie in, or within 5 cm of, the collimated field, the patient has reasonable reproductive potential; diagnostic objectives permit. |
| What are the cardinal principles. | Time, distance and shielding. |
| Occupational radiation sources come from what | scattered radiation, and leakage radiation. |
| What are primary barriers, what are secondary barriers | primary barriers protect against direct exposure for useful beam. secondary only protect against leakage and scattered radiation. |
| How many inches must fluoroscopic equipment provide. | at least 12 inches but preferably 15. |
| What does roentgen measure | measures ionization in air, measures x or gamma radiation only, is valid up to 3 MeV. |
| Biologic damage is dependant on what | aype of ionizting radiation, atomic number of the tissue, mass density of the tissue, energy of the radiation, |
| What are 4 types of personal radiation monitors | opticlally stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescent dosimeter, film badge, pocket dosimeter |
| What is the occupationally exposed doselimits for individuals 18 years of age and older | 5 rem or 50 mSv |
| What is occupationlly exposed dose limits for individuals under 18 years of age | .1 rem |
| Where is a fetal monitor worn | under the lead abron at waist level |
| What is the gestational dose limit | must not exceed 500 mrem. |
| Where is most occupational exposure recieved | in fluoroscopy and mobile radiography |
| What is the inverse square law | Increasing the distance from the source of radiation reslults in a reduction of occupational exposure |
| Lead aprons must be at least how thick | at least .25 mm Pb equivalent |
| Why does fluoroscopy deliver a higher patient dose | because of decreased SSD |
Created by:
bnpickrell
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