Urinary System
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| show | Regulates blood volume and composition. Regulates blood pressure , Aids the metabolism (Vitamin D).
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| show | removes wastes(thus making urine) and excess water, and by excreting specific wastes (such as H ions lowering PH)
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| show | through the release of renin and the action of nephron
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| Describe the third function: Aids in metabolism | show 🗑
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| show | 1200ml
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| show | Retroperitoneal organ. Hidden behind the abdominal wall.
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| show | Indented regions of the kidney where the Renal artery and vein as well as the ureters.
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| Function of Ureters | show 🗑
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| show | innermost layer of smooth, fibrous, and transparent layer prevents infections from reaching the kidney.
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| show | middle, fatty layer of the kidney. Protective and anchor kidney in place.
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| show | the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Protective and anchor kidney in place
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| show | located inside the kidney. Pyramid shaped structures.
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| show | located inside the kidney the pyramids are columns of tissues.
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| show | the outer cortex of the kidney
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| show | inner medulla of the kidney.
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| show | Two. Internal and external urethral sphincter. Internal is involuntary, and external is voluntary.
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| Name the organs in the urinary system | show 🗑
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| Trace the blood through the nephron. | show 🗑
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| Nephron function and location | show 🗑
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| show | smooth muscle cells that wrap around the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule. Help regulate blood sugar. Hormone renin is also released from these special cells to regulate BP.
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| show | Renin regulates BP. Does this by converting angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which then turns into angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II raises BP. Also simulates the release of aldosterone which causing reabsorption of Na ions.
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| show | Hormone released from adrenal glands. Its function is to increase the retention of sodium and water and to increase the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
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| Antidiuretic (ADH) | show 🗑
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| Major parts of the nephron | show 🗑
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| show | where the fluid is filtered. Made of Bowmans capsule or glomerular capsule and the glomerulus.
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| Renal Tubule | show 🗑
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| Filtration | show 🗑
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| Glomerular capsule | show 🗑
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| show | numerous small feet of the podocyte cells. help keep the proteins from entering the filtrate.
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| Normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | show 🗑
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| Peritubular capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | 1-2L
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| How much fluid is reabsorbed a day? | show 🗑
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| True or False PCT contain microvilli? | show 🗑
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| What type of cells make up the proximal convoluted tubule? | show 🗑
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| show | the flow of the filtrate through the tubes passes in the opposite direction from the flow of the blood, despite both starting at the glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule.
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| show | the filtrate goes directly from the glomerulus to the pct and loop of henle and then to the dct. Capillaries go from the glomerulus skip over to the dct, and then move backward to the loop of henle and PCT.
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| show | is the release by active transport of substances into the filtrate. Secretion plays a major role in the blance of ions in the blood. Example: Excess K can cause cardiac arrest, so the level can be lowered by secreting it into the collecting duct.
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| Example of Secretion | show 🗑
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| show | 750ml.
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| show | aka urination. Sensory neurons(stretch receptors in urinary bladder) send a message to the brain that makes us consciously perceive a full bladder and a desire to urinate, or void ones bladder.
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| micturition reflex | show 🗑
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| Roger is hit in the lower back by an errant baseball. What protects his kidneys from this mechanical trauma | show 🗑
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| From inside to outside, list the three layers of supportive tissue that surround each kidney. Where is the parietal peritoneum in relation to these layers. | show 🗑
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| show | The renal pelvis, which has extensions called calyces, is continuos with ureter.
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| Name the tubular components of a nephron in the order that filtrate passes through them. | show 🗑
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| what are the structural differences between juxtamedullary and cortical nephrons? | show 🗑
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| what type of capillaries are the glomerular capillaries? What is their function? | show 🗑
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| show | bundles of stragiht vessels that extend deep into the medulla paralleling the longest loops of henle. Pay an important role in forming concentrated urine.
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| Extrinsic and intrinsic controls of GFR Serve two different purposes. What are they? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| In what part of the nephron does the majority of reabsorption occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Primary active transports, the energy for the process is providied directly by the cleavage of ATP. In secondary active transport, the energy for the process is provided by the Na concentration gradient.
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| How does the movement of Na drive the reabsorption of water and solutes? | show 🗑
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| List several substance that are secreted into the kidney tubules. | show 🗑
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| Describe the special characteristics of the descending and ascending loops of Henle that cause the formation of the medullary osmotic gradient. | show 🗑
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| Under what conditions is ADH released formt the posterior pituitary? What effect does ADH have on the collecting duct | show 🗑
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| show | urea, uric acid, creatinine.
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| show | Aorta, Renal Artery, Segmental artery, Interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus, Efferent arteriole, pertibular capillaries and vasa recta, cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobarvein, renal vein,
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| Nerve supply of the kidneys & ureters | show 🗑
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| Urine | show 🗑
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| Substances not usually found in urine | show 🗑
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| show | 1.5-1.8L
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| Kidney has three distinct regions | show 🗑
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| show | cluster of capillaries. Part of a nephron. Located inside the glomerular capsule
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| show | filtration slits on the glomerular capsule visceral layer.
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| show | cubodial epithelial cells with large mitochondria, and their luminal surfaces bear dense microvilli. Increases teh surface area and capacity for reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate and secreting substances into it.
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