pharmacology notes
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| Agonist | Brings about effect after binding to a receptor.
low affinity.
high efficacy
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| Types of agonist | -Partial agonist
-Inverse agonist
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| Acetylcholin agonist | -Neostigmine
-Physostigmine
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| Acetylcholin antagonist | -Curare
-Atropine
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| Types of cholin transporters | -High affinity
-Low affinity
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| High affinity cholin transporter | Dependent on ATP
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| Low affinity cholin transporter | Dependent on extra-cellular cholin concentrations
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| Break down of Acetylcholin | Acetylcholinesterases [ACHE]
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| Synthesis of Acetylcholin | Cholin acetyltransferases [CHAT]
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| Precursor of Acetylcholin | -Cholin
-Acetyl CoA
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| Inactivation of cholin transporters | Hemicholinium
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| SNARE proteins | Enable and facilitate the release of the ACH from the vesicles,by enabling the vesicle to bind to the membrane
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| Botulinum toxin [botox] | breaks down SNARE proteins
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| Inhibit the release of ACH from the vesicles | Botulinum toxin
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| COX [cyclo oxyginase] enzyme inhibitor | NSAIDS
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| COX 1 | -Homeostasis
-protective mucus for lining the stomch
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| COX 2 | -Involved in inflammation
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| NSAIDs | -Anti inflammation
-Antipyretic
-Analgesic
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| LOX enzyme [lysyl oxidase] product | leukotrienes
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| Leukotrienes | Potent broncho constrictors
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| LOX antagonists | -Montelukast
-Enfirlukast
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| types of NSAIDs and their examples | -Salicylic acid:acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin]
-P amino phenol:[paracetamol]
-Indol
-Cnolics:[Oxicams]
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| Types of Cytokines | -Interleukines
-Interferons
-Tissue necrotic factor
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| Interleukines | Synthesised by T-lymphocytes and helper CD4
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| Interferons | Released by cells which have been invaded by a bacteria.
-have febril symptoms
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| Cytokines funtion | Intracellular communication
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| Inflammation mediators | -Breadykinin
-Histamine
-Prostaglandins
-leukotrienes
-cytokines
-platelet activating factor
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| Platelet Activating Factor | involved in inflammation
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| Vaso dilation causes! | -decrease in blood pressure
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| Contraction of smooth muscles can lead to - | Broncho constriction
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| Prostaglandin analogues | Prostanoids
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| Prostanoids used in Termination Of Pregnancy[TOP] | -Gemeprost
-Misoprost
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| Types of Prostaglandins | -PgH2
-PgI2
-Thromboxane A2 and B2
-PgE
-PgF2 alpha
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| PgI2 | -Inhibits platelet aggregation
-Dilator
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| PgF2 alpha | -Powerful uterine contractions
-Potent broncho constrictor
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| Thromboxane A2 | -Vaso constictor
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| PgG2 | -Vaso dilator
-GIT relaxation
-ionotropic
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| Ionotropic | affects the force of muscular contraction
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| PgEp1 | -Broncho constrictor
-Vaso constritor
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| PgEp2 | -Broncho dilator
-caso dilator
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| Lipid derieved mediators | -Prostaglandins
-Leukotrienes
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| Substrate for LOX and COX | Arachidonic acid
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| Lipokotien | Inhibits Phospho lipase A
-stimulated by glucocortecoids
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| Types of Histamine receptors | -H1
-H2
-H3
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| H1 antagonist | -Promethazine
-Cyclizine
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| Motion sickness drugs | -Promethazine
-Cyclizine
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| Cimetidine side effects | -Inhibits liver enzyme Cytochrome P450
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| H2 antagonist | -Cimetidine
-Ranitidine
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| Antihistamines have similar effects as- | Atropin
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| Atropin | Anti-cholinergic
-Competitive antagonist
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| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme [ACE] | Breaks down breadykinin
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| ACE inhibitors | -Enalapril
-Captopril
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| Histamine synthesized from | L-histadine
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| ACE inhibitors pharmacological effect | Decrease blood pressure,since breadykinins are vaso-dilators
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| Characteristics of inflammation | -swelling
-pain
-heat
-redness
-loss of function
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| Types of paralyzing agents | Non depolarizing agents
Depolarizing agents
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| Non-depolarizing blockers | curariform agents
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| Curariform agents | D tubocurarine,Dimethyl tubocurarine
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| Non depolarizing agents | Do not cause any effect before paralysis
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| D tubocurarine analogus | Alcuronium,Puncuronium,Gallamine, Atracurium
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