Ch. 30
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ______ is the degree of geometric sharpness or accuracy of the structural lines actually recorded in the image. | Recorded detail
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| Recorded detail is also referred to as: | definition, sharpness, spatial resolution or detail.
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| The primary film/screen unit of resolution is ______. | line pairs per millimeter or cycles per mm.
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| Most human visual acuity is limited to the range of ____ lp/mm. | 5
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| Digital imaging recorded detail is determined primarily by _____. | matrix size, pixel size and gray scale bit depth.
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| Digital imaging recorded detail is most commonly described in terms of _________. | spatial frequency
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| A shorter wavelength signal (with higher frequency) represents pairs of lines that can be visualized ________. | very close together (high resolution)
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| Low frequency spatial resolution has a longer wavelength (and lower frequency) representing pairs of lines that are _______. | further apart (low resolution)
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| The art of radiography involves controlling the degree of _______ so that it does not interfere with image diagnosis. | unsharpness
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| _______ for digital images can be expressed in terms of three dimensions of the image. | Spatial resolution
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| Spatial resolution describes the ability of an imaging system to accurately display objects in _____. | two dimensions
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| ____________ measure the boundaries of a single image. | Point spread function (PFS), line spread function(LSF) and edge spread function (ESF)
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| In conventional radiography, PFS was referred to as _________. | penumbra or blur
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| The higher the _________, the closer together the sine waves and the closer together the line pairs. | spatial frequency
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| _________ measures the accuracy of an image compared to the original object on a scale of 0 to 1. | Modulation transfer function,
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| _______ is background information that the IR receives. | Imaging noise
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| ______ refers to a lack of sufficient incoming data (photons) for processing. | Quantum noise
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| Another name for quantum noise is ________. | quantum mottle
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| __________ is the sampling of the spatial resolution frequency signal twice from each cycle in digital systems. | Nyquist criterion
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| _______ occurs when the the spatial frequency exceeds the nyquist frequency and the incoming data is sampled less than twice per cycle. | aliasing
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| Resolution affects the image appearance by demonstrating _______ structures. | fine detail
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| ______ may cause an unsharpness of an image. | motion
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| Resolution problems can be fixed by: | 1. eliminate motion 2. reduce OID 3. reduce focal spot size 4. reduce intensifying screen phosphor size and concentration and 5. increase SID
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| Resolution is improved when OID ______ and degrades whenever it ______. | decreases;increases
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| Resolution is improved when SID ______ and degraded when it ______ | increases;decreases
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| The minimum OID should be used to improve ______. | detail
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| The ______ is the distinctly sharp area of a shadow or the region of complete shadow. | umbra
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| The _____ is the imperfect, unsharp shadow surrounding the umbra. | penumbra
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| As focal spot decreases in size, ____ also decreases, thus _______ resolution. | penumbra; increasing
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| Penumbra is increased by _____ of the beam. | attenuation
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| A slow fim/screen combination will demonstrate better ______ than a fast combination. | resolution
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| The resolving power of an intensifying screen depends on what three factors? | phosphor size, phosphor layer thickness and phosphor concentration
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| Quantum mottle is corrected only by increasing ______. | mAs
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| The major factors that limit photostimulable phosphor systems are the _____ and _____. | intensifying screen and scanning system
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| The major factor that limits INDIRECT digital systems is the ______ | size of the detector element
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| The major factor that limits DIRECT digital systems is the ______ | size of the detector element
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| _____ is that which is under the direct control of the patient. | voluntary motion
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| What is the best way to reduce and control voluntary motion? | communication with the patient
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| ______ in not under the conscious control of the patient | involuntary motion
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| Involuntary motion can best reduced by decreasing ________. | exposure time
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| What are methods which can be used to reduce the possibility of motion? | communication, immobilization devices and reduced exposure time
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| Digital imaging systems are dependent on: | matrix size, pixel size, and gray scale bit depth
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| Visualization of _________ is in indication of acceptable resolution | trabecular patterns
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| The z-axis is the gray scale which is represented as the: | depth (depth of information)
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| High spatial resolution represents a high frequency signal that is capable of imaging | smaller objects
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| Low spatial resolution represents a lower frequency signal that can only image | larger objects
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| The focal spot size is a major controller of image resolution because it controls | penumbra
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| High fill factor will produce ______. | high resolution
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