Lipids, Membranes, and Membrane Transport
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| True or false: The fatty acid attached to C2 is often saturated? | FALSE: often unsaturated
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| All biological membranes are composed of what? | Lipids
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| True or false: Membrane compositions are the same | FALSE: Membrane composition varies. Ex. Phospholipids are made of 60 red blood cell while cholesterol is made of 23
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| Are lipids soluble in water? | NO
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| Micelles | 50-100 lipid molecules in circle with polar heads facing out
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| What doesmulsifying agents do? | segregate hydrophobic compounds in micelle interior, allowing them to be dispersed in water as an emulsion
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| Describe a Bilayer Membrane? | polar heads face water and nonpolar hydrocarbon tails entwining together
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| How does lipid bilayers behave like? | two-dimensional fluids
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| Why are lipids highly mobile? | They rotate rapidly about lipid axis; diffuse rapidly in the membrane's plane; 3) Flip flow slowly
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| Flippase | enzyme that insert the lipid into the faces of the membranes.
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| Why is membrane fluidity important? | vital for cellular functions; such as endocytosis, exocytosis
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| At normal temperatures, cells membranes are fluid r solid? | Fluid!
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| Why is cooling cells to 0-4 C bad? | because the cell crystalize so no fluidity in the membrane. Many cellular functions slows or halt.
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| What three strategies are use to regulate membrane fluidity | 1) Alter length of lipid tails (all) 2) Alter saturation of lipid tails (all) 3)cholesterol (animals)
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| As the fatty acid length increases, does it fluidity increase or decrease? | Decrease
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| Which have more fluid, short fatty acid or long fatty acid? | SHORT - the have lower melting point.
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| Which have more fluid, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? | Unsaturated - they have lower melting points.
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| What does cholesterol do to membrane? | make it less fluid and less permeable, keep the membrane more fluid at lower temp.
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| Are lipids distributed symmetrically in membranes? | No, they are assymetrically distributed
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| How much percent of protein does cellular membrane contain? | As much as 70%
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| Name the kinds of protein in the membrane? | Peripheral membrane protein; Integral membrane proteins
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| Peripheral membrane proteins | weakly anchor into the membrane
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| Integral membrane proteins | Strongly anchored to the membrane
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