Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Equipment
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| What is the primary role for a radiographer? | The manipulation of expensive, high-technology x-ray equipment
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| Generic components of radiographic systems include: | X-ray tube, collimator, x-ray table, control console, Tube stand
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| What part of the radiographic system produces the x-rays and radiation? | X-ray tube
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| What is the x-ray tube made of? | Glass or aluminum and encased inside a sturdy metal housing.
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| the two primary components of the x-ray tube | Anode & Cathode
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| Positive electrode or terminal; where the x-rays are emitted | Anode
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| negative-electrode or terminal; where the electrons are liberated | cathode
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| How are x-rays created? | The tube will convert electrical energy (electricity) to x-rays
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| - controls the quantity or number of x-rays | mAs
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| -controls the strength or penetrating power of the x-rays | kVp
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| x-ray beam-limiting device attached directly below the x-ray tube | collimator
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| -controls the size and shape of the x-ray field coming out of the tube | collimator
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| diaphragm or system of diaphragms made of an absorbing material | collimator
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| designed to define the dimensions and direction of a beam of radiation device consisting of four rectilinear radiopaque blades that are adjustable to control xray field size and shape | collimator
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| -act of adjusting the collimator to increase or decrease the field size is referred to as | collimating or coning
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| increase collimation | making a smaller field size
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| The __________ decreases or limits the field size and reduces unwanted scatter radiation from reaching the IR or cassette. | Collimator
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| - automatic collimation systems | Positive Beam Limitation ( PBL)
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| allows the x-ray unit to detect the size of the IR and automatically limit the x-ray field size to that size to minimize patient dose | PBL - Positive beam limitation
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| 6 types of x-ray tables: | tilting, nontitling, free-floating, stationary top, adjustable, nonadjustable
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| - move in two directions -may be buttons for table movement or foot switches | Free-Floating or moveable table tops
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| 2 types of titling tables are: | 90-90 (tilt from horizontal to vertical in either direction.)
90-30 (tilt vertical one way and 30 deg another)
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| -located below the table top and above the cassette tray | bucky mechanism
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| -works as an oscillating grid device to decrease the amt of scatter radiation reaching the IR by moving or vibrating during the exposure | bucky mechanism
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| using the bucky system will do what to contrast? | increase it
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| another name for bucky tray | cassette tray
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| -holds IR in place under the x-ray table & keeps it center under the table | bucky tray
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| the device that gives the operator command of the x-ray machine | control console
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| 5 generic controls on the control console: | main power, kVp, mA, time, rotor-exposure switch
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| what is technique selection? | manipulation of mA, kVp, and time
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| What two components can be formed to create mAs? | mA and time
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| Main power switch is usually located? | on the wall above the control console
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| Machine power is usually located? | on the control console
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| 1kVp = _____ V | 1000
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| kVp will range from ___ to ___ on most machines | 30, 150
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| major kVp will change in steps of? | 10
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| minor kVp will change in steps of? | 2
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| 1000 mA = ____ A | 1
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| control consoles will range from ___ mA to ___ mA | 10, 1200
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| mA is usually in increments of... | 100 ( 100, 200, 300, etc)
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| most routine diagnostic radiography is done: | btwn 100 and 400 mA
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| the device that begins the exposure | Rotor-exposure switch
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| -contains two differnt exposure switches that are mechanically interlocked so one must be activated before the other | roto-exposure switch
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| -causes the anode rotor to rotate and prepares the anode for the exposure factors/ takes 1-2 sec | rotor switch
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| begins the exposure | exposure switch
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| -automatically terminates the exposure -termination of the exposure must be indicated both audibly and visually | timer
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| How do you avoid ending the exposure too soon? | Get in the habit of not releasing the exposure switch until the audible tone or light message indicates
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| 4 types of tube movements: | longitudinal, transverse, vertical, tube angulation
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| -travel is moving the x-ray tube lengthwise to the technologist's left or right or toward the patients head or feet | longitudinal
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| -travel is moving the tube at right angels across the table/towards or away from the technologist | transverse
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| -travel is moving the tube up toward the ceiling or down toward the floor | vertical
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| -pivoting the tube at a point where it is attached to its support | tube angulation
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| two types of tube locks: | electrical or Mechanical ( sometimes both)
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| The student must make sure the central ray (tube) is _____ to the center of the bucky tray when the tray is being used. | centered
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| -the presentation of continuous or dynamic radiographic image | fluoroscopy
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| What is added during an fluoroscopy exam? | additl fluoroscopy x-ray tube, placed under the table; an image intensifier
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| -allows the radiologist to obtain static radiographs during dynamic fluoroscopic exams | spot film device
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