Ch 28
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| _______ is the degree of overall blackening of the film. (photographic property that comprise visibility of detail) | Density
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| ______ is the concept of density as it is displayed on a soft-copy monitor for digital images. | brightness
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| ________ describes the digital processing that produces changes in density/brightness. | Window level
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| What range of OD is visible to the human eye? | OD 0.25-2.50
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| What is the major consideration in assessing density verification? | That proper densities are visible throughout the anatomical area of interest on the image.
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| The ____ image has received too many photons and has recorded too much information. | overexposed
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| If any image is overexposed, the ________can be adjusted to fix the density of the image. | window level
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| Whenever a choice must be made between excess and insufficient density, the best decision is always the choice that will produce the ________ image. | overexposed
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| If exposure conditions push into the toe or shoulder regions of the curve, dramatic _____________ changes can be seen. | film density
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| _______ is the controlling factor of density. | mAs
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| ______ is the influencing factor of density | kVp
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| mAs should be used as a principle method for adjusting for _______ or _______ density. | insufficient/excessive
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| _______is determined by the characteristics of the IR. | density
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| _______ is the ability of the film to stop light. | Opacity
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| If a region of a radiograph has an OD of 1.0 only _______ of the incident light is transmitted through the radiograph in that region. | 10% or 1/10
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| The straight line portion of the D lo E curve, film density is _________ to the log relative exposure. | approximately proportional
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| Will doubling the exposure result in a doubling the film density? | NO
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| Image density/brightness on the display monitor is controlled by ___________. | window leveling
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| Setting the correct ____ is still critical in determining the proper digital image receptor exposure. | mAs
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| Digital image histograms are ____________ of the exposure to the IR. | graphic representations
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| As mAs increases, ________ increases proportionally and ________ also increases. | exposure/film density
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| The reciprocity law fails for __________ or _________ exposure times. | extremely short or long
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| If the mAs used to create one image is the same as the mAs used to create a second image of the same structure, then both images should have the same __________. | film density
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| The minimum change necessary to cause a visible shift in film density is ______ of mAs or any other influencing factors that would equal this change. | 30%
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| _______ is mainly controlled by the radiographer, but can also be preset with a computerized exposure system. | mAs
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| A _______ or _________ can eliminate the excess information and reveal details within the range of human visual ability. | bright light/scanner
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| The general rule of thumb for mAs changes is to make adjustments in increments of ______ or ______. | doubles/halves
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| Kilovoltage has a __________ effect on density. | profound
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| Kilovoltage contols the average ____ of the x-ray photon produced at the anode target. | energy
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| The 15% rule is used as a guide to maintain the same image receptor exposure film density when _______ changes. | kilovoltage
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| The 15% rule will always change the ______ of the image. | contrast
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| A radiograph of the elbow is produced using 4 mAs at 60 kVp. What kVp would be required to halve the exposure to the IR. | 51 kVp
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| The 15% rule may vary from a 15% rule to a _____% rule. | 25
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| Motion has what impact on density? | none
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| What is grid ratio? | 16:1 and 8:1; amount of lead strips in a grid
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| An increase in pt size will ______ density and a decrease in pt size will _____ density. | decrease; increase
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| Increase in field size will ____ density. | increase
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| An increase lead in the grid will ____ density. | decrease
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| An increase in screen speed will ____ density.(more efficient) | increase
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| What kind of relationship is distance to density? | an inverse relationship
(inverse square law)
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| A decrease in OID will result in an increase in density: this is an example of a _______. | inverse relationship
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| Increased generator will result in an ______ density. (high field, more efficient) | increase
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| A radiograph of the chest with pneumothorax will result in a a radiograph with more ______. | density
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| Pulmonary edema would show on a radiograph with ______ density. | Less
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| The two photographic factors that allow detail to be seen are ______ and ______. | density/contrast
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| As developer solution temperature increases, film density will _______. | increase
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| If a satisfactory exposure is obtained with 20 mAs at 72", what mAs will be required to maintain the same exposure at 40"? | 6.2 mAs
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| If a satisfactory PA chest radiograph is made at 72" with 4 mAs, what mAs, will be required at 56"? | 2.5 mAs
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| A radiograph of the elbow is produced using a 4 mAs at 60 kVp. What kVp would be required to halve the exposure to the IR? | 51 kVp
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| ___________ affects kVp's affect on density. | generator efficiency
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| Thicker anatomical parts should be placed on the _____ side and smaller anatomical parts should be placed on the _____ side. | cathode/anode
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| ______ charged electrons cause a blooming effect. | negatively
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| If a radiograph using 40 mAs (400mA at 0.10 sec.) produced a radiograph with satisfactory density, what new time should be used at 200 mA? | 40 mAs/200mA = .20 sec
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| A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 55kVp. What kVp would be required to double the exposure? | 63 kVp (55 kVp + 8.25 kVp =63 kVp (63.25 kVp.)
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| An x-ray exposure of 240 mR is recorded at a distance of 20 inches. If the same technical factors are used, what will the exposure be if the distance is increased to 40 inches? | mAs2=60
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| If a satisfactory density is obtained with 40 mAs at 72 in., what mAs is required to maintain the same density at 40 in.? | mAs2=12
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| What is the proper mAs for use with an 80 RS system when technical factors of 55 kVp and 5 mAs produce an acceptable image with a 200 RS system? | 12.5 mAs
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| An increase in patient size will ___________ density. A decrease in patient size will _______ density. | decrease; increase
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| An increase in beam restriction will ________ density. | decrease
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