Lymphatic System and Immunity
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| What is lymph? | fluid that goes between capillary blood and tissues.
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| What are lymph vessels? | Transport excess tissue fluid back into circulatory system.
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| What are lymph nodes? | Produces lymphocytes, filter out harmful bacteria. (has white blood cells).
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| What is the spleen? | Produces lymphocytes and monocytes, blood reservior, recycles old red cells.
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| What is the thymus gland? | Produces T-Lymphocytes. (located in the chest)
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| What is interstitial fluid? | Fluid in spaces between cells.
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| WHat are the characteristics of lymph? | Straw-colored fluid(similar to plasma;composed of H2O, no red blood cells or protein molecules(too large);carries digested food, O2, and hormones to cells ; skeletal muscle action squeezes lymph along; valves prevent backward flow.
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| What are the characteristics of lymph vessels? | Closely parallel veins; located in almost all tissues and organs that have blood vessels; tissues lymph enters small lymph vessels which drain into larger vessels called lymphatics-the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct;lymph flows in only one directi
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| What are the characteristics of lymph nodes? | Tiny, oval shaped-size of pinhead to size of almond; located alone or grouped; site for lymph production and filter for screening out harmful substances; if substance cant be destroyed, node becomes inflamed.
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| What are tonsils? | Masses of lymphatic tissue that produce lymphocytes and filter bacteria-they get smalller in size as person get older
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| What are adenoids? | Tonsils on upper part of the throat
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| What is the spleen? | Sac-like mass of lymohatic tissue; upper left abdominal cavity, just below diaphragm; forms lymphocytes and monocytes ; filters blood; stores large amounts of RBCs-contracts during vigorous exercise or loss of blood, to release RBCs; destroys or removes
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| What is the thymus gland? | Upper, anterior thorax, above the heart, thymus is also considered an ebdocrine gland.
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| What is immunity? | The body's ability to resist bacterial invasion and disease; two general types-natural and acquired
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| What is natural immunity? | At birth, inherited and permanent,; Includes: unbroken skin; mucus and tears; blood phagocytes; local inflammation.
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| What is acquired immunity? | Body's reaction to invaders.
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| What is passive acquired immunity? | Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies to protect from a specific disease; immediate immunity; lasts 3-5 weeks; used when someone exposed t omeasures, tetanus, infectious hepatitis; mother provides newborn with some passive immunity.
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| What is active acquired immunity? | Lasts longer, two types.
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| What is natural acquired immunity? | Result of having had and recovered from a disease. For example, a child who had measles will usually not get it again- child's body has manufactured antibodies.
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| What is artificial immunity? | Comes from being vaccinated
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| What is immunization? | Artificial resistance to a particular infection by artifical means.
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| What is adenitis? | Swelling in the lymph glands.
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| What is tonsillitis? | In childhood, they may become infected, enlarged, and cause diffculty swallowing; surgery done in extreme cases.
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| What is lymphadenitis? | Enlargement of the lymph nodes, occurs when infection is present and body is attempting to fight off the infection
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| What is hodgkin's disease? | Cancer of the lymph nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes is early symptom. Rx-chemothearpy and radiation.
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| What is infectious mononucleosis? | Caused by virus; frequently in young adults and children; spread by oral contact(kissing); symptoms-enlaged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental fatigue, increase in leukocytes. Rx-bedrest.
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| What is hypersensitivity? | When the body's immune fails to protect itself against material, and instead, the formed irritate certain body cells; An abnormal response to a drug or allergen; an allergen is an antigen that causes allergic responses; (examples of allergens: ragweed, pe
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| What is anaphylaxis? | Severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction; antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a massive secretion of histamine; symptoms-breathing problems, headache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps , and vomiting. Rx- adrenaline.
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| What is AIDS/HIV? | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; caused by HTLV-III(human T-lymphotrophic virus type III); commonly caused by HIV or Human immunodeficiency virus; affects not only homosexual males but allpopulations; the patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and
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| What is AIDS? | Most severe type of HIV infection; subject of opportunistic infections- a healthy person would fight off these infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised immune response; symptoms of AIDS: 1.Prolonged fatigue,2.Persistent fevers or nigh sweats;
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| What is asymptomatic infection? | Has HIV but no symptoms.
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| WHat is AIDS transmitted by? | 1.Sex with someone who is HIV postive; 2.Sharing needles with infected IV drug users; 3.At birth from infected mother.
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